Cattle QTL Database

Cattle traits
- Health Traits
  - Blood parameters
    - Platelet distribution width { PLDWID }
    - LDL cholesterol level { LDL }
    - HDL cholesterol level { HDL }
    - Alanine transaminase level { ALT }
    - Direct bilirubin level { DBIL }
    - Total bilirubin level { BILIR }
    - Gamma-glutamyl transferase level { GGT }
    - Cholinesterase level { CHE }
    - Cholesterol level { CHOL }
    - Alkaline phosphatase level { ALP }
    - Aspartate aminotransferase level { AST }
    - Serum chloride level { SERCHL }
    - Serum amyloid A level { SAA }
    - Haptoglobin level { HAPT }
    - Lactate dehydrogenase level { LDH }
    - Insulin level { INS }
    - Thyroxine level { T4 }
    - Platelet-large cell ratio { PLCR }
    - Blood beta-hydroxybutyrate level { BBHB }
    - Large unstained cell number { LUCN }
    - Blood urea nitrogen { BUN }
    - Blood phosphorus level { BPHOS }
    - Blood total protein level { BPROT }
    - Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration { MCHC }
    - Platelet number { PLTCT }
    - Mean platelet volume { MPVOL }
    - Adrenocorticotropic hormone level { ACTH }
    - Glutamate level { GLUT }
    - Dopamine level { DOPA }
    - Serotonin level { 5HT }
    - Triiodothyronine level { T3 }
    - Creatine kinase level { CK }
    - Blood lactate level { BLACT }
    - Red blood cell Na+/K+ ATPase activity { NKA }
    - Red blood cell potassium level { RBCK }
    - Growth hormone level { GHL }
    - Blood non-esterified fatty acid level { BNEFA }
    - Blood glucose level { GLU }
    - Final packed red blood cell volume { PCVF }
    - Minimum packed red blood cell volume { PCVM }
    - PCVI minus PCVF { PCVIF }
    - PCVI minus PCVM { PCVIM }
    - Percentage decrease in PCV up to day 150 after challenge { PCVD150 }
    - Initial packed red blood cell volume { PCVI }
    - Hematocrit { HCT }
    - PCV variance { PCVV }
    - PCVF minus PCVM { PCVFM }
    - Red blood cell number { RBCC }
    - Mean corpuscular hemoglobin content { MCHGB }
    - Hemoglobin { HGB }
    - Anti-Müllerian hormone level { AMH }
    - Serum phosphorus level { SERP }
    - Serum magnesium level { SERMG }
    - Blood calcium level { BCAL }
    - Triglyceride level { TRIGLY }
    - Prolactin level { PROLAC }
    - Calcidiol level { 25OHD }
    - Insulin-like growth factor 1 level { IGFI }
    - Blood albumin level { ALBUM }
    - Blood creatinine level { CREAT }
    - Blood cortisol level { CORT }
    - Red blood cell distribution width { RDW }
    - Mean corpuscular volume { MCV }
    - Percentage decrease in PCV up to day 100 after challenge { PCVD100 }
  - Disease
    - Percentage decrease in body weight up to day 150 after challenge { BWD150 }
    - Dwarfism { DWARF }
    - Bovine leukemia virus susceptibility { BLVS }
    - Cholesterol deficiency { CHOLDEF }
    - Epidermolysis bullosa { EPIBUL }
    - Ketosis { KETO }
    - ketosis (third lactation) (1)
    - Endometritis { ENMET }
    - Metritis { METR }
    - metritis measured in cows (1)
    - Cystic ovaries { CYSOV }
    - Milk fever { MFEV }
    - milk fever (third lactation) (1)
    - PIRM syndrome { PIRM }
    - Bovine viral diarrhea virus susceptibility { BVDV }
    - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy susceptibility { BSE }
    - General disease susceptibility { GDR }
    - M. paratuberculosis susceptibility { MPARA }
    - diffuse histological lesions (1)
    - multifocal histological lesions (1)
    - Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis susceptibility { IBK }
    - Rabies antibody titer { RABT }
    - Bovine respiratory disease susceptibility { BRDS }
    - Bovine tuberculosis susceptibility { BTBS }
    - Marfan syndrome-like disease { MFSL }
    - Foot-and-mouth disease susceptibility { FMD }
    - Bovine coronavirus susceptibility { BCOV }
  - General health parameters
    - Heat tolerance { HEATT }
    - Respiratory rate { RESRATE }
    - Body temperature { BTEMP }
    - Cold tolerance { COLDT }
    - General health index { GHIND }
    - Drooling score { DROOL }
  - Immune capacity
    - White blood cell number { WBCC }
    - CD4-positive leukocyte percentage { CD4LP }
    - CD8-positive leukocyte percentage { CD8LP }
    - CD4-positive to CD8-positive leukocyte ratio { CD4CD8R }
    - NKp46-positive leukocyte percentage { NKP46 }
    - Eosinophil number { EOS }
    - Monocyte number { MONO }
    - Interleukin-4 level { IL4 }
    - Interleukin-17 level { IL17 }
    - Basophil number { BASO }
    - Basophil percentage { BASOP }
    - Immunoglobulin G1 level { SIGG1 }
    - Immunoglobulin G2 level { SIGG2 }
    - Immunoglobulin A level { SIGA }
    - Immunoglobulin M level { SIGM }
    - Granulocyte percentage { GRANP }
    - Monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil number { MOEOBA }
    - Peripheral blood mononuclear cell percentage { PBMCP }
    - Neutrophil percentage { NEUTP }
    - Immunoglobulin G level { SIGG }
    - CD4+CD26+CD45+ cell number { MTHC }
    - CD8+CD25+CD45+ cell number { ACTC }
    - CD8+CD26+CD45+ cell number { MCTC }
    - Gamma-delta T cell number { GDTC }
    - Neutrophil number { NEUT }
    - Lymphocyte number { LYMPHCT }
    - Complement hemolytic activity { CH50 }
    - Granulocyte number { GRAN }
    - Cell-mediated immune response { CMIR }
    - Antibody-mediated immune response { ABIR }
    - ConA-induced cell proliferation { CONA }
    - FMDV peptide-induced cell proliferation { FMDVCP }
    - Eosinophil percentage { EOSP }
    - Lymphocyte percentage { LYMPHP }
    - Monocyte percentage { MONOP }
    - Peripheral blood mononuclear cell number { PBMC }
  - Mastitis
    - Somatic cell score { SCS }
    - somatic cell score (EBV) (1)
    - top 3 mean value of somatic cell score (first lactation) (1)
    - Somatic cell count { SCC }
    - Clinical mastitis { CM }
    - mastitis frequency (1)
    - number of affected quarters (1)
    - Somatic cell score persistency { SCSPER }
    - Milk electroconductivity { MELCON }
  - Organ disorders
    - Abomasum displacement { AD }
    - displaced abomasum (first lactation) (1)
    - Bilateral convergent strabismus with exophthalmus { BCSE }
    - Liver abscess { LIVAB }
    - Intestinal atresia { INTATR }
    - atresia coli (1)
    - atresia jejuni (1)
  - Parasite load
    - Parasites natural logarithm of mean number { PARLnM }
    - Parasite detection rate { DR60-150 }
    - Parasites mean of natural logarithm { PARMLn }
    - Gastrointestinal nematode burden { GNB }
    - Fecal egg count { FEC }
    - Fecal larva count { FLC }
  - Parasite/pest resistance
    - Resistance to metastrongyles { RMG }
    - Resistance to gastrointestinal worms { RGW }
    - Resistance to trypanosomosis { RT }
    - Tick resistance { TICKR }
- Meat and Carcass Traits
  - Anatomy
    - Carcass hind leg circumference { CHLCIR }
    - Heart percentage { HEARTP }
    - Lung weight { LUNGWT }
    - Spleen weight { SPLWT }
    - Liver percentage { LIVP }
    - Gastrointestinal tract percentage { GITP }
    - Gastrointestinal tract weight { GITW }
    - Liver weight { LIVWT }
    - Lung percentage { LUNGP }
    - Longissimus muscle area/muscle fiber area { LMAMFA }
    - Spleen percentage { SPLP }
    - Kidney weight { KIDWT }
    - Longissimus muscle length { LDLENG }
    - Carcass depth { CDEP }
    - Tenderloin weight { TDRLW }
    - Heart weight { HWT }
    - Hindshank weight { HSHW }
    - Quadriceps weight { QUADW }
    - Biceps brachii weight { BBMW }
    - Head weight { HEADWT }
    - Foreshank weight { FORESH }
    - Lean meat yield { LMY }
    - Muscle fiber area { MFCSA }
    - Sirloin weight { SIRWT }
    - Longissimus muscle width { LMWID }
    - Silverside weight { SLVWT }
    - Longissimus muscle lean area { LMLA }
    - Trapezius muscle lean area { TMA }
    - Semispinalis lean area { SMA }
    - Rib thickness { RIBTH }
    - Longissimus muscle area { LMA }
    - ribeye area (1)
    - Hindquarter muscle weight { HINMWT }
    - Longissimus muscle weight { LMWT }
    - Carcass length { CRCL }
    - Pelvic width { PELWD }
    - Pelvic area { PELAR }
    - Hindquarter weight { HQWT }
    - Muscle fiber diameter { MFDIA }
    - Meat percentage { MEATP }
    - Hindquarter percentage { HQP }
    - Meat weight { MEATWT }
    - Bone percentage { BONEP }
    - Bone weight { BONEWT }
    - Semitendinosus muscle weight { STMWT }
    - Meat-to-bone ratio { MTBR }
    - Carcass weight { CWT }
  - Carcass quality
    - Retail product yield { YIELD }
    - Yield grade { YGRADE }
    - Dressing percentage { DRESSPERC }
    - Cutability { CUT }
    - Quality grade { QUALG }
    - Carcass conformation score { CARCONF }
  - Chemistry
    - Muscle protein percentage { PP }
    - Muscle creatinine content { MCREAT }
    - Muscle potassium content { MPOT }
    - Muscle magnesium content { MAG }
    - Muscle sodium content { SOD }
    - Muscle phosphorus content { PHOS }
    - Muscle arsenic content { ARSEN }
    - Muscle chromium content { CHROM }
    - Muscle cobalt content { COB }
    - Muscle copper content { COPP }
    - Muscle manganese content { MANG }
    - Muscle selenium content { SELEN }
    - Muscle sulfur content { SULF }
    - Muscle beta-alanine content { BALA }
    - Muscle taurine content { TAUR }
    - Muscle creatine content { CREA }
    - Muscle carnosine content { CARN }
    - Muscle calcium content { CAL }
    - Hematin pigment concentration { HEME }
    - Muscle moisture content { MOIST }
    - Muscle pH { PH }
    - beef pH value 24h after degassing (1)
    - beef pH value after slaughter (1)
    - muscle pH 7 days post-mortem (1)
    - muscle pH at 24 hr post-mortem (1)
    - pH 48 hr post-mortem (longissimus) (1)
    - pH 48 hr post-mortem (semimembranosus) (1)
    - Muscle nitrogen content { NITR }
    - Beta-carotene concentration in fat { BCARO }
    - Insoluble collagen content { ICOLLC }
    - Calpain activity { CAPN }
    - Muscle lactate dehydrogenase activity { LDH }
    - Muscle protein/DNA ratio { PRODNA }
    - Muscle glucose 6-phosphatase activity { MG6P }
    - Muscle glycogen content { MGLYC }
    - Muscle iron content { IRON }
    - Muscle zinc content { ZINC }
    - Muscle anserine content { ANSER }
    - Muscle total collagen content { MTCOLL }
  - Fatness
    - Marbling score { MARBL }
    - Channel fat weight { CHFAT }
    - Intermuscular fat percentage { INTERFP }
    - Fat cover { FATCOV }
    - Kidney, pelvic, and heart fat weight { KPHWT }
    - Kidney fat weight { KIDFWT }
    - Pericardial fat weight { PCFWT }
    - Fat area to ribeye area ratio { FARER }
    - Skinfold thickness { SKFTH }
    - skinfold thickness over the last rib (1)
    - skinfold thickness over the neck (1)
    - skinfold thickness over the rear udder (1)
    - Fat weight { FATWT }
    - Internal fat weight { INTFW }
    - Subcutaneous fat thickness { SUBFAT }
    - adjusted fat thickness (2)
    - adjusted subcutaneous fat thickness between 12th and 13th ribs (2)
    - back fat thickness (4)
    - backfat thickness (30)
    - backfat thickness (18-20 months) (1)
    - carcass average backfat (1)
    - carcass backfat (1)
    - carcass fat depth at 10th-11th rib (1)
    - carcass fat depth on the rump (P8) (1)
    - carcass fat thickness (1)
    - carcass grade fat (1)
    - external fat thickness measured between the 12th and 13th ribs (1)
    - fat depth (2)
    - fat depth between the 12th and 13th ribs (1)
    - fat thickness (4)
    - fat thickness over the longissimus muscle (1)
    - mean ultrasound backfat (1)
    - rib fat (2)
    - rump fat depth at P8 (600 days) (1)
    - rump fat depth at P8 (at weaning) (1)
    - rump fat thickness (6)
    - rump fat thickness (P8) (1)
    - rump fat thickness at the P8 position (1)
    - rump fat thickness at the sacro-iliac crest of third sacral vertebra (1)
    - rump fat thickness measured at the P8 position (1)
    - rumpfat thickness (1)
    - scanned fat depth at the P8 site (1)
    - scanned fat depth measured between the last two ribs (1)
    - subcutaneous backfat thickness (1)
    - subcutaneous fat depth (2)
    - subcutaneous fat thickness (6th-7th ribs) (1)
    - subcutaneous rump fat thickness at the P8 position (1)
    - ultrasound backfat (3)
    - ultrasound backfat thickness (2)
    - ultrasound fat depth at 13th rib (1)
    - ultrasound fat depth at third lumbar vertebra (1)
    - Kidney, pelvic, and heart fat percentage { KPHCWT }
    - Intramuscular fat { IMF }
    - Fat trim yield { FATYD }
    - Rib fat { RIBF }
    - Meat fat content { MFAT }
    - Fat percentage { FATP }
    - Sirloin fat depth { SIRFD }
    - Subcutaneous fat percentage { SCFP }
  - Fatty acid content
    - Tricosanoic acid content { FA-C23:0 }
    - Linoleic acid to linolenic acid ratio { LAALAR }
    - Omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acid ratio { N3N6R }
    - Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid content { FA-n6 }
    - Medium-chain fatty acid content { MCFA }
    - Long-chain fatty acid content { LCFA }
    - Lignoceric acid content { FA-C24:0 }
    - Docosatetraenoic acid content { FA-C22:4 }
    - Tridecylic acid content { FA-C13:0 }
    - C16 index { C16IND }
    - Desaturation index { DSIND }
    - C18 index { C18IND }
    - C14 index { C14IND }
    - Cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid content { FA-C20:2 }
    - Arachidic acid content { FA-C20:0 }
    - Cis-10-Pentadecenoic acid content { FA-C15:1 }
    - Cis-12-C18:1 fatty acid content { FA-C18:1n6 }
    - Trans-6/9-C18:1 fatty acid content { FA-C18:1n9-1 }
    - Trans-12-C18:1 fatty acid content { FA-C18:1n6 }
    - Trans-10,cis-12-Octadecadienoic acid content { FA-C18:2 }
    - Cis-9,trans-11-Octadecadienoic acid content { FA-C18:2 }
    - Docosanoic acid content { FA-C22:0 }
    - Elongation index { ELIND }
    - Eicosenoic acid content { FA-C20:1 }
    - Cis-11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid content { FA-C20:3 }
    - Elaidic acid content { C18:1t9 }
    - Heneicosylic acid content { FA-C21:0 }
    - Trans-11,cis-15-C18:2 fatty acid content { FA-C18:2n3 }
    - Trans-16-C18:1 fatty acid content { FA-C18:1t16 }
    - Myristic and palmitic acid ratio { FAMPR }
    - Atherogenic index { AI }
    - C18:3 n-6 fatty acid content { FA-C18:3n6 }
    - C22:1 fatty acid content { FA-C22:1 }
    - Trans-15-C18:1 fatty acid content { FA-C18:1n3 }
    - Lauric acid content { FA-C12:0 }
    - Capric acid content { FA-C10:0 }
    - Cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid content { FA-C17:1 }
    - Monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio { RMUSFA }
    - Myristoleic acid content { FA-C14:1 }
    - Myristic acid content { FA-C14:0 }
    - Palmitoleic acid content { FA-C16:1 }
    - Palmitic acid content { FA-C16:0 }
    - Oleic acid to stearic acid ratio { C18R }
    - Palmitoleic acid to palmitic acid ratio { C16R }
    - Saturated fatty acid content { SFA }
    - Polyunsaturated fatty acid content { PUFA }
    - Monounsaturated fatty acid content { MUFA }
    - Linoleic acid content { FA-C18:2 }
    - Unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio { RUSFA }
    - Unsaturated fatty acid content { PERUFA }
    - Oleic acid content { FA-C18:1 }
    - Trans-Vaccenic acid content { FA-C18:1t }
    - Cis-Vaccenic acid content { FA-C18:1n7 }
    - Margaric acid content { FA-C17:0 }
    - Total fatty acid content { TOTFA }
    - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid content { FA-C20:3 }
    - Polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio { RPUSFA }
    - Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid content { FA-n3 }
    - Eicosapentaenoic acid content { FA-C20:5 }
    - Palmitic aldehyde content { ALD-C16:0 }
    - Stearic aldehyde content { ALD-C18:0 }
    - Docosapentaenoic acid content { FA-C22:5 }
    - Docosahexaenoic acid content { FA-C22:6 }
    - Omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio { N6N3R }
    - Linolenic acid content { FA-C18:3 }
    - Conjugated linoleic acid content { CLAC18:2 }
    - Arachidonic acid content { FA-C20:4 }
    - Fat melting point { FMP }
    - Pentadecylic acid content { FA-C15:0 }
    - Stearic acid content { FA-C18:0 }
  - Meat/fat color
    - Fat color { FATCOL }
    - fat L* (1)
    - fat a* (1)
    - fat colour of biopsy samples (1)
    - fat colour of carcass (1)
    - Meat color { MCOL }
    - Hunter L* (longissimus thoracis et lumborum) (1)
    - Hunter L* (longissimus) (1)
    - Hunter L* (semimembranosus) (2)
    - Hunter a* (longissimus thoracis et lumborum) (1)
    - Hunter a* (longissimus) (1)
    - Hunter a* (semimembranosus) (2)
    - Hunter b* (longissimus thoracis et lumborum) (1)
    - Hunter b* (longissimus) (1)
    - Hunter b* (semimembranosus) (2)
    - chroma (C*) (1)
    - color L*, day 6 in air (1)
    - color a*, day 6 in air (1)
    - color b*, day 6 in air (1)
    - color chroma, day 6 in air (1)
    - hue (H*) (1)
    - hue angle, day 6 in air (1)
    - lean meat color score (1)
    - lightness (L*) (3)
    - meat color (1)
    - meat color L* (1)
    - meat color L* (LD) (1)
    - meat color L* (ST) (1)
    - meat color a* (2)
    - meat color a* (LD) (1)
    - meat color b* (1)
    - meat color b* (LD) (1)
    - meat color b* (ST) (1)
    - meat color chroma (1)
    - meat color lightness (L*) (1)
    - meat color redness (a*) (1)
    - meat color score (2)
    - meat color yellowness (b*) (1)
    - muscle L* (1)
    - muscle a* (1)
    - muscle b* (1)
    - muscle color score (1)
    - muscle colour (a*) (1)
    - muscle colour (b*) (1)
    - muscle lightness (L*) (1)
    - red intensity (a*), 14 days post-mortem (1)
    - red intensity (a*), 21 days post-mortem (1)
    - red intensity (a*), 7 days post-mortem (1)
    - redness (a*) (2)
    - yellow intensity (b*), 14 days post-mortem (1)
    - yellow intensity (b*), 21 days post-mortem (1)
    - yellow intensity (b*), 7 days post-mortem (1)
    - yellowness (b*) (2)
  - Sensory characteristics
    - Tenderness score { TEND }
    - Fat luster { FLST }
    - Drip loss { DRIPL }
    - Overall impression, sensory panel { OVIM }
    - Cooking loss { COOKL }
    - Water holding capacity { WHC }
    - water holding capacity 7 days post-mortem (1)
    - Meat flavor score { FLAVS }
    - Connective tissue amount { CONNTISS }
    - Meat texture { TEXT }
    - Meat firmness { FIRM }
    - Adhesion { ADHES }
    - Juiciness { JUICE }
    - Beef flavor intensity { BEEFFLAV }
    - Abnormal flavor intensity { ABFLAV }
    - Beef odor intensity { BEEFOD }
    - Abnormal odor intensity { ABODOR }
    - Myofibrillar fragmentation index { MFI }
    - Shear force { SF }
    - Warner-Bratzler shear force 7 days post-mortem (1)
    - shear force at 7 days' aging (1)
    - Muscle compression { COMP }
    - Chewiness score { CHEW }
- Milk Traits
  - Colostrum production
    - Colostrum quantity { COLAMT }
    - Colostrum albumin concentration { COALB }
    - Colostrum immunoglobulin A concentration { CIGA }
    - Colostrum immunoglobulin G concentration { CIGG }
    - Colostrum immunoglobulin G1 concentration { CIGG1 }
    - Colostrum immunoglobulin G2 concentration { CIGG2 }
    - Colostrum immunoglobulin M concentration { CIGM }
  - Milk composition - fat
    - Milk trans-10-Octadecenoic acid content { MFA-C18:1t10 }
    - Milk short-chain fatty acid content { MSCFA }
    - Milk medium-chain fatty acid content { MMCFA }
    - Milk long-chain fatty acid content { MLCFA }
    - Milk cis-fatty acid content { MCISFA }
    - Milk trans-fatty acid content { MTRANSFA }
    - Milk omega-6 fatty acid content { MFA-n6 }
    - Milk cis-vaccenic acid content { MFA-C18:1n7 }
    - Milk cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic acid content { MFA-C22:6 }
    - Milk branched-chain fatty acid content { MBCFA }
    - Milk cis-7,10,13,16,19-Docosapentaenoic acid content { MFA-C22:5 }
    - Milk cis-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid content { MFA-C20:3 }
    - Milk cis-12-Octadecenoic acid content { MFA-C18:1c12 }
    - Milk trans-16-Octadecenoic acid content { MFA-C18:1t16 }
    - Milk cis-9-C10:1 fatty acid content { MFA-C10:1c9 }
    - Milk cis-9-Eicosenoic acid content { MFA-C20:1c9 }
    - Milk trans-11,cis-15-Octadecadienoic acid content { MFA-C18:2 }
    - Milk trans-9,trans-12-Octadecadienoic acid content { MFA-C18:2 }
    - Milk rumenic acid content { MFA-C18:2 }
    - Milk cis-9,trans-11,cis-15-Octadecatrienoic acid content { MFA-C18:3 }
    - Milk trans-fatty acid to cis-fatty acid ratio { MTCFAR }
    - Milk beta-carotene yield { MBCARY }
    - Milk eicosapentaenoic acid content { MFA-C20:5 }
    - Milk unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio { MUFASFAR }
    - Milk polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio { MPUSFAR }
    - Milk fat content { MFATC }
    - Milk trans-10,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid content { MFA-C18:2 }
    - Milk myristelaidic acid content { MFA-C14:1 }
    - Milk octadecenoic acid content { MFA-C18:1 }
    - Milk heptadecenoic acid content { MFA-C17:1 }
    - Milk C17 index { MC17 }
    - Milk cis-7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoic acid content { MFA-C22:4 }
    - Milk cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid content { MFA-C20:2 }
    - Milk omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio { MO6O3R }
    - Milk tricosanoic acid content { MFA-C23:0 }
    - Milk C10 index { MC10 }
    - Milk valeric acid content { MFA-C5:0 }
    - Milk enanthic acid content { MFA-C7:0 }
    - Milk trans-5-Octadecenoic acid content { MFA-C18:1t5 }
    - Milk trans-12-Octadecenoic acid content { MFA-C18:1t12 }
    - Milk omega-3 fatty acid content { MFA-n3 }
    - Milk cis-6,9,12,15-Octadecatetraenoic acid content { MFA-C18:4 }
    - Milk fat yield persistency { FPER }
    - Milk trans-9-Octadecenoic acid content { MFA-C18:1t9 }
    - Milk fat thickness { FATTH }
    - Milk conjugated linoleic acid content { CLAC18:2 }
    - Milk palmitoleic acid content { MFA-C16:1 }
    - Milk myristoleic acid content { MFA-C14:1 }
    - Milk lauroleic acid content { MFA-C12:1 }
    - Milk fatty acid unsaturated index { MFA-UI }
    - Milk palmitic acid content { MFA-C16:0 }
    - milk C16:0 (DYD) (1)
    - Milk arachidic acid content { MFA-C20:0 }
    - Milk tetracosanoic acid content { MFA-C24:0 }
    - Milk linoleic acid content { MFA-C18:2 }
    - Milk oleic acid content { MFA-C18:1 }
    - milk C18:1cis-9 (DYD) (1)
    - Milk trans-vaccenic acid content { MFA-C18:1t }
    - Milk fat percentage { FP }
    - 305-day milk fat content (first parity) (1)
    - 305-day milk fat content (second parity) (1)
    - 305-day milk fat percentage (lactation 1) (1)
    - 305-day milk fat percentage (lactation 2) (1)
    - 305-day milk fat percentage, first lactation (2)
    - 305-day milk fat percentage, second lactation (2)
    - average 305-day milk fat percentage (1)
    - milk fat percentage (305 days) (1)
    - milk fat percentage (lactation 1) (2)
    - milk fat percentage (lactation 2) (3)
    - milk fat percentage in first lactation (2)
    - milk fat percentage in second lactation (3)
    - Milk fat yield { FY }
    - 305-day fat yield (1)
    - 305-day milk fat yield (2)
    - 305-day milk fat yield (EBV) (1)
    - 305-day milk fat yield (first parity) (1)
    - 305-day milk fat yield (lactation 1) (2)
    - 305-day milk fat yield (lactation 2) (2)
    - 305-day milk fat yield (second parity) (1)
    - 305-day milk fat yield, first lactation (2)
    - 305-day milk fat yield, lactation 1 (1)
    - 305-day milk fat yield, lactation 2 (1)
    - 305-day milk fat yield, second lactation (2)
    - 305-days fat yield (1)
    - adjusted 305-day milk fat yield (1)
    - estimated breeding value of milk fat yield (1)
    - milk fat yield (305 days) (1)
    - milk fat yield (EBV) (1)
    - milk fat yield (first lactation) (1)
    - milk fat yield (lactation 1) (3)
    - milk fat yield (lactation 2) (3)
    - milk fat yield in first lactation (3)
    - milk fat yield in second lactation (3)
    - Milk caproic acid content { MFA-C6:0 }
    - Milk caprylic acid content { MFA-C8:0 }
    - Milk capric acid content { MFA-C10:0 }
    - Milk lauric acid content { MFA-C12:0 }
    - Milk myristic acid content { MFA-C14:0 }
    - Milk stearic acid content { MFA-C18:0 }
    - Milk pentadecylic acid content { MFA-C15:0 }
    - Milk odd-chain fatty acid percentage { FA-OC }
    - Milk beta-carotene content { MBCARO }
    - Milk linolenic acid content { MFA-C18:3n3 }
    - Milk butyric acid content { MFA-C4:0 }
    - Milk margaric acid content { MFA-C17:0 }
    - Milk undecylic acid content { MFA-C11:0 }
    - Milk arachidonic acid content { MFA-C20:4 }
    - Milk palmitelaidic acid content { MFA-C16:1t9 }
    - Milk cis-9-Heptadecenoic acid content { MFA-C17:1c9 }
    - Milk trans-4-Octadecenoic acid content { MFA-C18:1t4 }
    - Milk tridecylic acid content { MFA-C13:0 }
    - Milk C18 index { MC18 }
    - Milk docosanoic acid content { MFA-C22:0 }
    - Milk fat-to-protein ratio { MFPRAT }
    - Milk saturated fatty acid content { MSFA }
    - Milk monounsaturated fatty acid content { MMUFA }
    - Milk polyunsaturated fatty acid content { MPUFA }
    - Milk saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio { MSFAUFAR }
    - Milk C14 index { MC14 }
    - Milk unsaturated fatty acid content { UFAM }
    - Milk C16 index { MC16 }
    - Milk trans-6/8-Octadecenoic acid content { MFA-C18:1t68 }
  - Milk composition - other
    - Milk glycerophosphocholine content { MGPC }
    - Milk selenium content { MSE }
    - Milk zinc content { MZN }
    - Milk sodium content { MNA }
    - Milk iodine content { MIOD }
    - Milk energy content { MEC }
    - Milk chloride percentage { MCLP }
    - Milk cholesterol content { MCHOL }
    - Milk lactose-to-fat ratio { MLTF }
    - Milk lactose-to-protein ratio { MLTP }
    - Milk lactose-to-solids ratio { MLTS }
    - Milk mid-infrared spectra { MMIRS }
    - Milk acidity/alkalinity { MACALK }
    - milk pH (1)
    - milk titratable acidity (first parity, 201-365 DIM) (1)
    - milk titratable acidity (first parity, 5-60 DIM) (1)
    - milk titratable acidity (first parity, 61-200 DIM) (1)
    - milk titratable acidity (second parity, 201-365 DIM) (1)
    - milk titratable acidity (second parity, 5-60 DIM) (1)
    - milk titratable acidity (second parity, 61-200 DIM) (1)
    - Milk citrate content { MCIT }
    - Milk beta-hydroxybutyrate content { MBHB }
    - Milk manganese content { MMANG }
    - Milk iron content { MFE }
    - Milk copper content { MCU }
    - Milk lactose content { MLC }
    - Milk solids yield { MSOL }
    - 305-day total solids yield (1)
    - Milk solids percentage { MSOLP }
    - Non-fat milk solids { NFMSOL }
    - 305-day milk non-fat solids yield (1)
    - 305-days solid not fat yield (1)
    - Non-fat milk solids percentage { NFMSOLP }
    - Milk lactose yield { LACTYD }
    - Milk vitamin B-12 content { MVB12 }
    - Milk phosphocholine level { MPC }
    - Milk glycerophosphocholine to phosphocholine ratio { GPCPC }
    - Milk riboflavin content { RIBO }
    - Milk calcium content { MCA }
    - milk calcium content (first parity, 201-365 DIM) (1)
    - milk calcium content (first parity, 5-60 DIM) (1)
    - milk calcium content (first parity, 61-200 DIM) (1)
    - milk calcium content (second parity, 5-60 DIM) (1)
    - milk calcium content (second parity, 61-200 DIM) (1)
    - Milk potassium content { MK }
    - Milk phosphorus content { MPH }
    - Milk magnesium content { MMG }
    - Milk acetone content { MACET }
  - Milk composition - protein
    - Milk immunoglobulin M content { MIGGM }
    - Milk casein yield { MTCASY }
    - Milk phosphorylated alpha-S1-casein percentage { MPAS1CP }
    - Milk protein-to-fat ratio { MPFRAT }
    - Milk phosphorylated alpha-S2-casein percentage { MPAS2CP }
    - Milk alpha-S2-casein percentage { MAS2CP }
    - Milk alpha-S1-casein percentage { MAS1CP }
    - Milk unglycosylated kappa-casein percentage { MUGKCASP }
    - Milk glycosylated kappa-casein percentage { MGKCASP }
    - Milk osteopontin content { MOPN }
    - Milk whey protein yield { MWHPY }
    - Milk alpha-S1-casein content { MAS1C }
    - Milk immunoglobulin A content { MIGGA }
    - Milk immunoglobulin G2 content { MIGG2 }
    - Milk immunoglobulin G1 content { MIGG1 }
    - Milk immunoglobulin G content { MIGG }
    - Milk cyclophilin A content { MCYCA }
    - Milk casein micelle size { CMISZ }
    - Milk whey protein percentage { MWHPP }
    - Milk lactoperoxidase content { MLPRX }
    - Milk lactoferrin content { MLFRN }
    - Milk delta-9-desaturase content { D9D }
    - Milk alpha-casein to beta-casein ratio { ACNBCN }
    - Milk alpha-casein content { MACAS }
    - Milk urea nitrogen yield { MUNY }
    - Milk urea nitrogen content { MUNC }
    - Milk alpha-casein percentage { MACASP }
    - Milk beta-lactoglobulin protein content { MBLG }
    - Milk protein content { PC }
    - Milk protein yield persistency { PPER }
    - Milk energy yield { EY }
    - milk energy yield (first lactation) (1)
    - Milk protein percentage { PP }
    - 305-day milk protein content (first parity) (1)
    - 305-day milk protein content (second parity) (1)
    - 305-day milk protein percentage, first lactation (2)
    - 305-day milk protein percentage, second lactation (2)
    - average 305-day milk protein percentage (1)
    - milk protein percentage (305 days) (1)
    - milk protein percentage (lactation 1) (2)
    - milk protein percentage (lactation 2) (3)
    - milk protein percentage in first lactation (3)
    - milk protein percentage in second lactation (3)
    - Milk beta-casein content { MBCAS }
    - Milk kappa-casein content { MKCAS }
    - Milk casein index { MCASIND }
    - Milk kappa-casein percentage { MKCASP }
    - Milk beta-casein percentage { MBCASP }
    - Milk alpha-lactalbumin percentage { MALACTP }
    - Milk beta-lactoglobulin percentage { MBLGP }
    - Milk alpha-lactalbumin content { MALACT }
    - Milk whey protein content { MWHP }
    - Milk casein content { MTCAS }
    - Milk casein percentage { MCASP }
    - milk casein percentage (first parity, 201-365 DIM) (1)
    - milk casein percentage (first parity, 5-60 DIM) (1)
    - milk casein percentage (first parity, 61-200 DIM) (1)
    - Milk protein yield { PY }
    - 305-day milk protein yield (2)
    - 305-day milk protein yield (first parity) (1)
    - 305-day milk protein yield (lactation 1) (2)
    - 305-day milk protein yield (lactation 2) (2)
    - 305-day milk protein yield (second parity) (1)
    - 305-day milk protein yield, first lactation (2)
    - 305-day milk protein yield, lactation 2 (1)
    - 305-day milk protein yield, second lactation (2)
    - 305-day protein yield (1)
    - adjusted 305-day milk protein yield (1)
    - estimated breeding value of milk protein yield (1)
    - milk protein yield (305 days) (1)
    - milk protein yield (EBV) (1)
    - milk protein yield (first lactation) (1)
    - milk protein yield (lactation 1) (3)
    - milk protein yield (lactation 2) (3)
    - milk protein yield in first lactation (3)
    - milk protein yield in second lactation (3)
  - Milk processing trait
    - Milk rennet coagulation time { MRCT }
    - Non-coagulating milk { NCMILK }
    - Milk freezing point { MILKFP }
    - Milk fat color { MFCOL }
    - Curd yield { CURDY }
    - Curd water yield { CYWAT }
    - Cheese energy recovery { RECENER }
    - Cheese protein recovery { RECPROT }
    - Cheese fat recovery { RECFAT }
    - Cheese solids recovery { RECSOL }
    - Curd solids yield { CYSOL }
    - Time to curd firmness { TCURDF }
    - Curd firming rate { CFRT }
    - Milk color { MKCOL }
    - Curd firmness { CURDF }
    - curd firmness (first parity, 5-60 DIM) (1)
    - curd firmness (first parity, 61-200 DIM) (1)
    - curd firmness (second parity, 5-60 DIM) (1)
    - curd firmness (second parity, 61-200 DIM) (1)
    - Total coagulation time { COAGT }
    - coagulation time (first parity, 201-365 DIM) (1)
    - coagulation time (first parity, 5-60 DIM) (1)
    - coagulation time (first parity, 61-200 DIM) (1)
    - coagulation time (second parity, 201-365 DIM) (1)
    - coagulation time (second parity, 5-60 DIM) (1)
    - coagulation time (second parity, 61-200 DIM) (1)
  - Milk production & yield
    - Milk yield { MY }
    - 100-day milk yield (1)
    - 305-day corrected milk yield (1)
    - 305-day milk production (1)
    - 305-day milk yield (17)
    - 305-day milk yield (EBV) (1)
    - 305-day milk yield (first lactation) (1)
    - 305-day milk yield (first parity) (2)
    - 305-day milk yield (lactation 1) (2)
    - 305-day milk yield (lactation 2) (2)
    - 305-day milk yield (second lactation) (1)
    - 305-day milk yield (second parity) (1)
    - 305-day milk yield, first lactation (2)
    - 305-day milk yield, lactation 1 (4)
    - 305-day milk yield, lactation 2 (5)
    - 305-day milk yield, lactation 3 (1)
    - 305-day milk yield, second lactation (2)
    - 305-days milk yield (1)
    - adjusted 305-day milk yield (1)
    - average daily milk production (1)
    - average milk yield (per day) (3)
    - cumulative milk yield from first calving to culling (1)
    - daily milk production (1)
    - daily milk yield (10)
    - estimated breeding value of milk yield (1)
    - fat and protein-corrected milk yield (1)
    - lactation milk yield (EBV) (1)
    - lactation peak yield (lactation 1) (1)
    - lactation peak yield (lactation 2) (1)
    - lactation peak yield (lactation 3) (1)
    - milk per day (1)
    - milk yield (305 days) (2)
    - milk yield (EBV) (1)
    - milk yield (first lactation) (1)
    - milk yield (lactation 1) (3)
    - milk yield (lactation 2) (3)
    - milk yield at 305 days (1)
    - milk yield in first lactation (3)
    - milk yield in second lactation (3)
    - milk yield, day 1 to day 5 (1)
    - milk yield, day 6 to day 30 (1)
    - peak milk yield, lactation 1 (1)
    - peak milk yield, lactation 2 (1)
    - peak yield (first parity) (1)
    - test-day milk yield (1)
    - tested day milk yield (1)
    - total lactation milk yield (2)
    - total lactation milk yield (lactation 1) (1)
    - total lactation milk yield (lactation 2) (1)
    - total lactation milk yield (lactation 3) (1)
    - total milk production (lactation) (1)
    - total milk yield (1)
    - total milk yield (first parity) (1)
    - total milk yield, lactation 1 (2)
    - total milk yield, lactation 2 (1)
    - Milking speed { MSPD }
    - Lactation persistency { LACTPER }
    - Milk profitability index { MPIND }
    - Milking time { MTIME }
    - Lactation length { LACTLEN }
    - lactation length (EBV) (1)
    - lactation length (lactation 1) (1)
    - lactation length (lactation 2) (1)
    - lactation length (lactation 3) (1)
    - Dry period length { DRYPL }
    - Milk flow rate { MFLR }
- Production Traits
  - Energy efficiency
    - Body energy content { BENERC }
    - Cumulative effective energy balance { CEEB }
    - Energy balance { ENBAL }
    - Methane production { METH }
    - Kleiber ratio { KLEIB }
  - Feed conversion
    - Feed conversion ratio { FCR }
    - Feed efficiency { FEEDEFF }
    - Efficiency of gain { EFFGAIN }
    - Partial efficiency of growth { PEG }
    - Maintenance efficiency { MAINEF }
    - Residual gain { RGAIN }
    - Rumination time { RUMT }
    - rumination time (first lactation) (1)
  - Feed intake
    - Residual feed intake { RFI }
    - residual feed intake 1 (spring-summer) (1)
    - residual feed intake 2 (fall-winter) (1)
    - residual feed intake 3 (winter-spring) (1)
    - Dry matter intake { DMI }
    - Days on feed { DOF }
    - Crude protein intake { CPRI }
    - Net energy of lactation intake { NELI }
    - Feed intake { FEEDIN }
    - average daily feed intake (4)
    - Number of visits to feeder { NVIS }
    - Average feeding rate { AFR }
    - Time spent in feeder { FEEDT }
  - Growth
    - BWF scaled by BWI { BWF/BWI }
    - Longissimus muscle area growth { LMAGR }
    - Metabolic body weight { MBW }
    - Shoulder width { SHOULDW }
    - Relative growth rate { RGR }
    - Maturity rate { MATRATE }
    - Body weight gain { BWG }
    - body weight gain, 3 weeks-18 months (1)
    - body weight gain, 7 months-18 months (1)
    - body weight gain, birth-18 months (1)
    - body weight gain, birth-7 months (1)
    - Growth index { GRIND }
    - Finishing precocity { FPREC }
    - Body height { HEIGHT }
    - 200-day height (1)
    - 400-day height (1)
    - back height (2)
    - body height (at withers) (1)
    - body height (withers) (1)
    - body height at 12 months (3)
    - body height at 18 months (1)
    - body height at 24 months (4)
    - body height at 6 months (5)
    - buttock height (1)
    - harvest hip height (1)
    - height at front end (1)
    - height at hip (1)
    - height at hip cross (6)
    - height at hip cross at 24 months (1)
    - height at sacra (1)
    - height at sacrum (1)
    - height at withers (2)
    - hip cross height (1)
    - hip height (11)
    - hip height at 12 months (2)
    - hip height at 18 months (2)
    - hip height at 24 months (1)
    - hip height at 6 months (2)
    - ischial tuberosity height (1)
    - mature height (2)
    - sacrum height (1)
    - waist height (1)
    - weaning hip height (1)
    - withers height (15)
    - withers height at 12 months (4)
    - withers height at 15 months (1)
    - withers height at 18 months (2)
    - withers height at 21 months (1)
    - withers height at 24 months (1)
    - withers height at 6 months (3)
    - withers height at 9 months (1)
    - yearling height (3)
    - yearling hip height (1)
    - yearling rump height (1)
    - Head width { HEADWI }
    - Body width { BWID }
    - Body circumference { BODYCIR }
    - abdomen circumference (1)
    - abdominal size (1)
    - abdominal size at 12 months (1)
    - abdominal size at 18 months (1)
    - abdominal size at 6 months (1)
    - chest circumference (15)
    - chest girth (5)
    - chest girth at 12 months (2)
    - chest girth at 24 months (3)
    - chest girth at 6 months (2)
    - heart girth (14)
    - heart girth at 12 months (6)
    - heart girth at 18 months (4)
    - heart girth at 24 months (3)
    - heart girth at 6 months (5)
    - Body weight { BW }
    - 205-day (weaning) body weight (2)
    - 205-day (weaning) weight (2)
    - 205-day adjusted weaning weight (2)
    - Birth Weight (1)
    - adjusted weaning weight (2)
    - adjusted weaning weight (205 d) (2)
    - adjusted weight at 450 days of age (1)
    - birth weight (59)
    - body weight at 12 months (11)
    - body weight at 18 months (11)
    - body weight at 24 months (15)
    - body weight at 3 weeks (1)
    - body weight at 30 months (1)
    - body weight at 6 months (15)
    - body weight at 600 days (1)
    - body weight at 7 months (1)
    - body weight at castration (1)
    - body weight at first calving (1)
    - body weight at slaughter (4)
    - final body weight (2)
    - harvest weight (1)
    - initial body weight (1)
    - live weight (1)
    - live weight at slaughter (3)
    - mature weight (3)
    - mean body weight (1)
    - slaughter weight (10)
    - weaning weight (35)
    - weaning weight (direct) (1)
    - weaning weight (maternal) (2)
    - weaning weight - maternal milk (1)
    - weight at 200 days (weaning) (2)
    - weight at termination of test (1)
    - yearling weight (25)
    - Age at slaughter { SLAGE }
    - Average daily gain { ADG }
    - average daily gain, birth to weaning (1)
    - average daily gain, weaning to yearling (1)
    - average daily gain, yearling to harvest (1)
    - Body length { BL }
    - body length at 12 months (3)
    - body length at 18 months (2)
    - body length at 24 months (1)
    - body length at 6 months (3)
    - body length at birth (2)
    - Chest width { CHWDT }
    - Hip width { HIPWDT }
    - Rump length { RUMLGT }
    - Cannon bone circumference { CANCIR }
    - Body depth { BD }
    - chest depth (12)
    - Rump width { RUMWD }
    - hucklebone width at 12 months (2)
    - hucklebone width at 18 months (2)
    - hucklebone width at 24 months (3)
    - hucklebone width at 6 months (1)
    - Body capacity { BODYCAP }
    - Body size { SIZE }
    - Thigh width (maximum) { THWID }
    - Subcutaneous fat increase { SUBFATI }
    - Head length { HEADL }
  - Life history traits
    - PTA type { PTAT }
    - Survival to weaning { SURVRATE }
    - calf survival measured in heifers (1)
    - Net merit { NM }
    - Young stock survival { YSS }
  - Lifetime production
    - Veterinary treatments { VT }
    - Length of productive life { PL }
    - Lifetime profit index { LPI }
    - Dam productivity { PRODAM }
- Reproduction Traits
  - Fertility
    - Calving interval { CALINTV }
    - first calving interval (1)
    - Number of unfertilized ova { NUO }
    - Fertility index { FERIND }
    - Age at first calving { AGEFC }
    - Calving to conception interval { DAYOPEN }
    - first service period (1)
    - First service conception { FSC }
    - Heifer pregnancy { HPG }
    - Reproductive efficiency { REPEFF }
    - Luteal activity { LUTACT }
    - Age at second calving { AGESC }
    - Pregnancy loss { PREGLOSS }
    - Embryonic mortality (1)
    - Calving ability { CABIL }
    - Antral follicle number { AFOLN }
    - Days to calving { DCALV }
    - Sexual precocity { SPREC }
    - Number of embryos { EMBN }
    - Stayability { STAY }
    - Offspring number { OFSPN }
    - calf mortality (sire) (1)
    - daughter averages for twinning (1)
    - maternal multiple birth (2)
    - twinning (1)
    - twinning (multiple births) (1)
    - twinning rate (8)
    - twinning rate predicted transmitting ability (1)
    - Total number of ova { TNO }
    - Number of degenerate embryos { NDE }
    - Number of transferable embryos { NTE }
    - Conception rate { CONCRATE }
    - cow conception rate (6)
    - heifer conception rate (6)
    - sire conception rate (7)
    - Calving ease { CALEASE }
    - calving ease (maternal) (3)
    - calving ease (maternal, first parity) (1)
    - calving ease daughters (1)
    - calving ease maternal (1)
    - daughter calving ease (1)
    - direct calving ease (1)
    - direct calving ease at first calving (1)
    - direct calving ease at later calvings (1)
    - maternal calving difficulty (4)
    - maternal calving ease (4)
    - maternal calving ease at first calving (1)
    - maternal calving ease at later calvings (1)
    - maternal calving ease, first lactation (2)
    - maternal calving ease, second or later lactation (2)
    - maternal effect on calving difficulty score (1)
    - Inseminations per conception { CONCEPT }
    - Gestation length { GLENGTH }
    - Pregnancy rate { PREGRATE }
    - daughter pregnancy rate (10)
    - Age at puberty { PUBAGE }
    - Ovulation rate { OVR }
    - Male fertility { MF }
    - Non-return rate { NRR }
    - non-return rate (cows) (1)
    - non-return rate measured in heifers (1)
    - Stillbirth { SB }
    - daughter stillbirth (1)
    - direct stillbirth (1)
    - maternal calf survival at first calving (1)
    - maternal stillbirth (3)
    - maternal stillbirth, first lactation (2)
    - maternal stillbirth, second or later lactation (1)
    - stillbirth (maternal) (2)
    - stillbirth (maternal, first parity) (1)
    - Heat intensity { HTINT }
    - Interval to first estrus after calving { CALEST }
    - Interval from first to last insemination { INSINT }
    - first service to conception measured in cows (1)
    - interval between first and last insemination (cows) (1)
    - Fertility treatments { FERTRT }
    - Dystocia { DYST }
    - Fertilization rate { FERTR }
    - Early embryonic survival { EMBSUR }
    - Age at first conception { AFCON }
  - General reproduction parameters
    - Unassisted births { UNASSBRATE }
    - Calf mortality { CMORT }
    - pre-weaning calf mortality (1)
    - Testicular hypoplasia { TSTHY }
    - Birth index { BIRTHIND }
    - Calving index { CALVIND }
    - Reproductive problems { REPRP }
    - Retained placenta { RETPL }
    - retained placenta measured in cows (1)
    - Scrotal circumference { SCRCIR }
    - scrotal circumference adjusted for age (1)
    - scrotal circumference adjusted for age and weight (1)
    - Calf size { CALFSZ }
    - maternal calf size (1)
    - maternal calf size, first lactation (2)
    - maternal calf size, second or later lactation (1)
    - Paired testes volume { PTV }
    - Paired testes weight { PTW }
    - Perinatal mortality { PNMOR }
  - Reproductive hormone level
    - Follicle stimulating hormone level { FSH }
    - concentration of follicle stimulating hormone in peripheral blood at castration (1)
    - Inhibin level { INHIB }
    - Luteinizing hormone level { LUTH }
  - Semen quality
    - Sperm counts { SEMENQ }
    - Sperm head abnormalities { SPHAB }
    - Sperm tail abnormalities { SPTAB }
    - Sperm DNA fragmentation { SDNAF }
    - Sperm plasma membrane integrity { SPMINT }
    - Sperm concentration { SPCON }
    - Percentage normal sperm { NSP }
    - Sperm acrosome integrity rate { SAIR }
    - Percentage live sperm after osmotic stress { PSOST }
    - Sperm average path velocity { SAPV }
    - Semen volume { SEMVOL }
    - Percentage abnormal sperm { ABSP }
    - percentage of spermatazoa with mid-piece abnormalities (1)
    - percentage of spermatazoa with proximal droplets (1)
    - sperm primary abnormalities (1)
    - sperm secondary abnormalities (1)
    - Percentage live sperm after thawing { PSTHW }
    - Sperm motility { SPMOT }
    - sperm initial motility (1)
    - sperm motility after freeze-thawing (1)
    - sperm post-thaw motility (1)
    - sperm three-hour post-thaw motility (1)
    - Sperm progressive motility { SPPMOT }
- Exterior Traits
  - Behavioral
    - Temperament { TMP }
    - Flight speed { FLSPD }
    - Maternal behavior { MATBEH }
    - Aggressive behavior { AGGR }
    - Duration of exploration during novel object test { DENO }
    - Duration of inactivity during novel object test { DINO }
    - Duration of activity during novel object test { DANO }
    - Duration of exploration during open field test { DEOF }
    - Duration of inactivity during open field test { DIOF }
    - Duration of activity during open field test { DAOF }
    - Social separation--Vocalization { SSVO }
    - Social separation--Standing alert { SSSA }
    - Social separation--Walking/running { SSWR }
    - Flight from feeder { FLFF }
    - Behavior { BEH }
    - Calf sucking reflex { CSREF }
  - Coat texture
    - Coat texture { CTEX }
    - Hair length { HAIRL }
  - Conformation
    - Structural soundness { SOUND }
    - Sheath/navel score { SHNAVS }
    - Locomotion { LOCO }
    - Muscularity { MUSC }
    - Rump conformation { RUMPC }
    - Mobility score { MOBS }
    - Loin strength { LOINST }
    - Anogenital distance { AGDIST }
    - Ear length { EARL }
    - Ear size { EARSZ }
    - Body condition score { BCS }
    - Hindquarter proportions { HQPROP }
    - Conformation score { CONF }
    - Body form composite index { BFCI }
    - Stature { STA }
    - Strength { STR }
    - Bone quality { BQ }
    - Dairy form { DYF }
    - Rump angle { RANG }
    - Dairy capacity composite index { DCCI }
    - Angularity { ANG }
    - Presence of horns { HORNS }
    - Ear posture { EARPOS }
  - Limb traits
    - Foot angle { FANG }
    - Interdigital hyperplasia { IDH }
    - Sole ulcer { SULC }
    - sole ulcer severity (1)
    - sole ulcer susceptibility (1)
    - Sole hemorrhage { SHEM }
    - sole hemorrhage severity (1)
    - sole hemorrhage susceptibility (1)
    - White line disease { WLD }
    - white line disease severity (1)
    - white line disease susceptibility (1)
    - Digital cushion thickness { DCTH }
    - digital cushion thickness (flexor tuberosity), late lactation (1)
    - digital cushion thickness (flexor tuberosity), pre-calving (1)
    - digital cushion thickness (max), calving (1)
    - digital cushion thickness (max), early lactation (1)
    - digital cushion thickness (max), late lactation (1)
    - digital cushion thickness (max), pre-calving (1)
    - Heel horn erosion { HHER }
    - Sole lesion { SLES }
    - Interdigital dermatitis { IDIGDERM }
    - Toe ulcer { TULC }
    - Lameness { LAME }
    - Digital dermatitis { DIGDERM }
    - Laminitis { LAMIN }
    - Heel depth { HDPTH }
    - Rear leg placement - side view { RLEGS }
    - Foot diagonal { FTDIA }
    - Feet and leg conformation { FTLEG }
    - Front leg conformation { FRLEGC }
    - Hind leg conformation { HLEGC }
    - Hoof and leg disorders { HLDIS }
    - Hoof trimming status { HTRS }
    - Rear leg placement - rear view { RLEGR }
    - Foot rot { FROT }
  - Pigmentation
    - Degree of spotting { DS }
    - White spotting { WSP }
    - Facial pigmentation { FPIGMT }
    - Eye area pigmentation { EYEAP }
    - Sole pigmentation { SPIGMT }
    - Hoof pigmentation { HFPIGMT }
    - White spotting on back { WSBACK }
    - White spotting on belly { WSPBEL }
    - Teat pigmentation { TPIGMT }
    - Coat color { CCOLOR }
    - darkness of hair coat (1)
    - red coat color dilution (milca) (1)
    - Eyelid pigmentation { ELPIGM }
  - Udder traits
    - Udder structure { udder }
    - Teat size { TEATSZ }
    - Udder balance { UBAL }
    - Udder swelling score { USS }
    - Udder capacity { UDDCAP }
    - Teat thickness { TEATTH }
    - Udder texture { UDDTEX }
    - Teat number { TNUM }
    - Udder width { UWDT }
    - Udder composite index { UCI }
    - Udder height { UHT }
    - Udder attachment { UA }
    - anterior udder attachment (1)
    - fore udder attachment (1)
    - Udder cleft { UC }
    - Udder depth { UDPTH }
    - Udder quality { UQUAL }
    - Teat length { TLGTH }
    - Teat placement { TPL }
    - fore teat distance (1)
    - front teat placement (10)
    - rear teat placement (3)
    - teat placement front (1)
    - Teat structure { TEATS }

Browse Cattle Trait Hierarchy for QTL/associations:

Browse hints: