- Lactotroph Count to Total Pituicyte Count Ratio in Prolactinoma [CMO:0001757] — A calculated measurement in which the number of lactotrophs in a specified sample of prolactinoma is divided by the total number of pituicytes in that sample and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. A prolactinoma is a pituitary adenoma which secretes prolactin.
- Large Intestine Length [CMO:0001225] — A measurement of the large intestine, the distal portion of the intestine extending from its junction with the small intestine to the anus and comprising the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.
- Large Intestine Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003290] —
- Large Intestine Weight [CMO:0000471] — Weight of t the distal portion of the intestine extending from its junction with the small intestine to the anus.
- Large Liver Metastatic Tumorous Lesion Diameter Measurement [CMO:0003778] — The distance (> 3 mm) between two specified opposite points on the periphery of a macrometastatic tumorous lesion found on or in the liver. A macrometastatic tumorous lesion is one that is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells.
- Lean Tissue Morphological Measurement [CMO:0002184] — Any measurement of the physical form or structure of the lean tissue of an organism, that is, of the tissue that is not fat/adipose tissue or bone.
- Lean Tissue Volume [CMO:0002185] — Measurement of the size of the three dimensional space occupied by the lean tissue of an organism, that is, of the tissue that is not fat/adipose tissue or bone.
- Left Adrenal Gland Wet Weight [CMO:0000161] — The weight of an individual left adrenal gland, that is the gland located on the left side of the body when viewed from the organism's perspective, after removal from the body but without desiccation.
- Left Anterior Descending Artery Outer Diameter [CMO:0003623] — The average length of a line which crosses a transverse view of the left anterior descending artery, one of the two branches of the left coronary artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the outer surface of the blood vessel wall.
- Left Atrium Volume [CMO:0000337] — A measure of the capacity of the left heart atrium, the upper left chamber which empties into the lower heart chamber.
- Left Atrium Weight [CMO:0000335] — The weight of the left atrium of the heart, the upper chamber on the left which empties into the lower chamber. Weight is the heaviness or degree to which a body is drawn toward the earth by gravity.
- Left Kidney Wet Weight [CMO:0000083] — The weight of the left kidney, the organ which lies on the left side of the body from the perspective of the subject and functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, after removal from the body but without desiccation.
- Left Kidney Wet Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0001954] — A calculated measurement in which the weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of only the left kidney is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percent, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism. The left kidney is the organ which lies on the left side of the body from the perspective of the subject.
- Left Lung Wet Weight [CMO:0000100] — The weight, after removal from the body but without desiccation, of the single lung located on the left side of the body. The lung is the organ component of the respiratory system responsible for the exchange of gases between the environment and the blood.
- Left Ovary Wet Weight [CMO:0002491] — Weight after removal from the body but without dessication of only the ovary located on the left side of the organism.
- Left Rear Ankle Joint Diameter [CMO:0002149] — The distance between two specified opposite points on the periphery of the ankle joint of the left hindleg of a quadruped, that is, the leg on the left side of the body and farthest from the head.
- Left Renal Fat Pad Weight [CMO:0002195] — Measurement of the heaviness of the encapsulated adipose tissue associated specifically with the left kidney, that is, the degree to which it is drawn toward the earth by gravity.
- Left Renal Fat Pad Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0002197] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of the encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the left kidney is divided by the total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Left Renal Pelvis Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003297] —
- Left Testis Wet Weight [CMO:0000178] — The weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of the left testicle, one of the paired egg-shaped glands normally situated in the scrotum, in which the spermatozoa develop. The left testicle is the one of the pair located closer to the left side of the body from the perspective of the subject.
- Left Uterine Horn Length [CMO:0000410] —
- Left Uterine Horn Weight [CMO:0000413] —
- Left Ventricle End-diastolic Wall Stress [CMO:0003200] — Left ventricle end-diastolic wall stress (LVED-WS) is a calculated measurement of the force acting against the left ventricle wall at the end of diastole, that is when the heart muscle is maximally relaxed, and usually corresponds to its largest diameter. It is calculated by multiplying ventricular pressure by ventricular radius and dividing by 2 times the wall thickness. It is commonly referred to as the Law of Laplace.
- Left Ventricle End-systolic Wall Stress [CMO:0003201] — Left ventricle end-systolic wall stress (LVES-WS)is calculated measurement of the force acting against the left ventricle wall at the endo of end of systole, the period of contraction of the heart when the blood is forced from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery (right ventricle) and the aorta (left ventricle). It is calculated by multiplying ventricular pressure by ventricular radius and dividing by 2 times the wall thickness. Commonly referred to as Law of Laplace (PMID: 2198115)
- Left Ventricle Stroke Work [CMO:0002887] — Defined as the work performed by the left ventricle to eject the stroke volume into the aorta.
- Left Ventricular Developed Pressure [CMO:0000018] — A calculated measurement of the difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure in the heart left ventricle at a given point in time in an isolated organ or vessel under conditions where perfusion pressure or flow can be controlled.
- Left Ventricular Diastolic Blood Pressure [CMO:0000006] — The minimum pressure in the heart left ventricle, usually at the point at which the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion and the ventricles fill with blood.
- Left Ventricular Ejection Time [CMO:0002555] — The time interval from the opening to the closing of the aortic valve (mechanical systole).
- Left Ventricular End-diastolic Blood Pressure [CMO:0000606] — The pressure in the heart left ventricle at the end of diastole, the period when the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion and the ventricles fill with blood.
- Left Ventricular End-systolic Blood Pressure [CMO:0000605] — Measurement of the pressure within the heart left ventricle at the end of systole, the period of contraction of the heart when the blood is forced from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery (right ventricle) and the aorta (left ventricle).
- Left Ventricular Isovolumetric Contraction Time [CMO:0002541] — The time interval from the completion of the mitral valve closure to the beginning of the aortic valve opening, that is, the period of contraction during which both the mitral and aortic valves are closed so that the volume of the ventricular space doesn't change.
- Left Ventricular Isovolumetric Relaxation Time [CMO:0002540] — The length of time in the cardiac cycle between the end of left ventricular relaxation and the start of left ventricular filling. This represents the time in the cardiac cycle between closure of the aortic valve and opening of the mitral valve.
- Left Ventricular Systolic Blood Pressure [CMO:0000007] — Measurement of the pressure within the heart left ventricle at the point of maximal contraction, when the blood is forced from the left ventricle into the aorta.
- Length of Intestine Affected By Colonic Aganglionosis to Total Length of Colon Ratio [CMO:0001836] — A calculated measurement in which the value of the cumulative linear size along the longest dimension of the segments of the colon affected by colonic aganglionosis is divided by the value of the entire linear distance between the two ends of that colon and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Colonic aganglionosis is the absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in any or all of the myenteric plexus, a network of autonomic nerve fibers within the tunica muscularis of the wall of the alimentary canal in general and of the colon in particular. The colon is the segment of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum.
- Lesioned Artery Residual Lumen Area [CMO:0001417] — The area of the arterial lumen remaining when the luminal space is restricted by a pathological process, e.g. hyperplasia.
- Leukemia Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0001266] — Any measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population that display leukemia, any of a group of progressive, malignant diseases of the blood-forming organs, marked by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow, at a point in time or develop leukemia within a determined period of time are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio.
- Leukemia Onset/diagnosis Measurement [CMO:0001903] — Any measurement which expresses a quantity related to the beginning, early stages or development of the leukemia disease state, or to the official determination of leukemia as the cause of the observed symptom(s). Leukemia is any of a group of progressive, malignant diseases of the blood-forming organs, marked by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow.
- Limb Morphological Measurement [CMO:0000185] — Morphological measurement of one of paired appendages used for locomotion or grasping.
- Litter Measurement [CMO:0000641] — Any measurement of a group of neonates, products of one gestation, provided the average number per gestation is in excess of two.
- Litter Size [CMO:0000642] — The number, i.e., the quantity determined by count, of animals in a group of neonates, products of one gestation produced at one birth by a multiparous mammal.
- Liver Adult Schistosoma Mansoni Worm Count [CMO:0003568] — Measurement of the total number of adult, that is, fully developed, Schistosoma mansoni trematode worms recovered from a specified sample or perfusate of liver from an infected subject.
- Liver Campesterol Level [CMO:0001941] — The amount of campesterol, a phytosterol (molecular formula C28H48O) whose chemical structure is similar to that of cholesterol, in a specified sample of liver.
- Liver Cholesterol Level [CMO:0001597] — The amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membrane, found in a specified sample of liver tissue, a collection of similar cells in a matrix acting together to perform a particular function isolated from the liver, the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, just behind or below the diaphragm, the functions of which include storage and filtration of blood; secretion of bile; detoxification of noxious substances; conversion of sugars into glycogen; synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids; and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Copper Measurement [CMO:0001506] — Any measurement of copper, an essential dietary trace element, atomic number 29, involved in the formation of bone and blood as a necessary component of several enzymes, in liver, the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, just behind or below the diaphragm, the functions of which include storage and filtration of blood; secretion of bile; detoxification of noxious substances; conversion of sugars into glycogen; synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids; and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Copper Weight [CMO:0001508] — Measurement of the weight or heaviness of the copper, an essential dietary trace element, atomic number 29, involved in the formation of bone and blood as a necessary component of several enzymes, in a specified sample of liver.
- Liver Copper Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0001513] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of copper in a specified sample of liver is divided by the total weight of the body of the organism and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to the size of the organism.
- Liver Copper Weight to Liver Dry Weight Ratio [CMO:0001512] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of copper in a specified sample of liver is divided by the dry weight of that liver sample, that is, the weight of the sample after dessication, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Liver Copper Weight to Liver Weight Ratio [CMO:0001510] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of copper in a specified sample of liver is divided by the weight of that liver sample and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Liver Copper Weight to Liver Wet Weight Ratio [CMO:0001511] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of copper in a specified sample of liver is divided by the wet weight of that liver sample, that is, the weight of the sample after removal from the body but without dessication, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Liver Disease Severity Measurement [CMO:0002155] — Any measurement of the degree to which the presentation of liver disease has caused pain or damage, established one or more lesions or infectious colonies, and/or taken over or interfered with the normal functioning of the body as a whole, or of one or more organs, tissues, cells or subcellular mechanisms of an organism. Liver disease is a general term for any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of the liver, the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, just behind or below the diaphragm, the functions of which include storage and filtration of blood; secretion of bile; detoxification of noxious substances; conversion of sugars into glycogen; synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids; and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Dry Weight [CMO:0000159] — The weight after desiccation of the liver, the large abdominal organ/gland which functions in the storage and filtration of blood, secretion of bile, detoxification of noxious substances, synthesis and storage of glycogen, synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids, and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Edema Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0002257] — A measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population that display liver edema, that is, an abnormal accumulation of fluid in intercellular spaces of the liver, at a point in time or develop liver edema within a determined period of time, are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio.
- Liver Enzyme Measurement [CMO:0001117] — Any measurement related to an enzyme, a protein that acts as a catalyst, increasing the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs without itself being destroyed or altered upon completion of the reaction, in the liver or in a sample of liver tissue. The liver is the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, just behind or below the diaphragm, the functions of which include storage and filtration of blood; secretion of bile; detoxification of noxious substances; conversion of sugars into glycogen; synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids; and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Fat Morphological Measurement [CMO:0002187] — Any measurement of the physical form or structure of the fat deposits in the liver of an organism.
- Liver Fat Volume [CMO:0002188] — Measurement of the size of the three dimensional space occupied by fat deposits in the liver of an organism.
- Liver Fat Volume to Total Liver Volume Ratio [CMO:0002190] — A calculated measurement in which the size of the three dimensional space occupied by fat deposits in the liver of an organism is divided by the total size of the three dimensional space occupied by the liver of that organism, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Liver Fibrotic Lesion Area Measurement [CMO:0001090] — A measurement of the extent of a two-dimensional surface of or plane through an individual fibrotic lesion in the liver, or a measurement of the total area occupied by fibrotic lesions in a cross-section of the liver. A fibrotic lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease, especially one that is circumscribed and well defined, resulting from a process of fibrosis, the proliferation of fibroblasts and fibrous tissue, usually in response to an injury, inflammation or infection.
- Liver Fibrotic Lesion Measurement [CMO:0001088] — Measurement of a liver lesion resulting from a process of fibrosis, the proliferation of fibroblasts and fibrous tissue, usually in response to an injury, inflammation or infection. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined.
- Liver Fibrotic Lesion Size Measurement [CMO:0001089] — Any measurement of the size of an individual fibrotic lesion in the liver, or of the amount of the liver occupied by fibrotic lesions. A fibrotic lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease, especially one that is circumscribed and well defined, resulting from a process of fibrosis, the proliferation of fibroblasts and fibrous tissue, usually in response to an injury, inflammation or infection.
- Liver Gamma-glutamyltransferase MRNA Level [CMO:0001921] — Measurement of the amount of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) which specifically codes for the amino acid sequence of the enzyme gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in a specified sample of liver. GGT catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to an acceptor that may be an amino acid, a peptide or water, and plays a key role in the gamma-glutamyl cycle, a pathway for the synthesis and degradation of glutathione and drug and xenobiotic detoxification.
- Liver Glucokinase Level [CMO:0003007] —
- Liver Glucose-6-phosphatase Level [CMO:0003006] —
- Liver Glutathione Level [CMO:0002480] — The amount of glutathione in a specified sample of liver tissue. Glutathione (GSH/GSSG) is an antioxidant tripeptide with a gamma peptide linkage between the amine group of cysteine (which is attached by normal peptide linkage to a glycine) and the carboxyl group of the glutamate side-chain.
- Liver Glutathione S-transferase-placental Form MRNA Level [CMO:0001920] — Measurement of the amount of messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNA) which specifically codes for the amino acid sequence of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase-placental form (GST-P) in a specified sample of liver. GST-P is one of a family of enzymes that play an important role in detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of many hydrophobic and electrophilic compounds with reduced glutathione.
- Liver Granuloma Severity Measurement [CMO:0002156] — Any measurement of the degree to which the presentation of granulomas in the liver has caused pain or damage, established lesions, and/or taken over or interfered with the normal functioning of the body as a whole, or of one or more organs, tissues, cells or subcellular mechanisms of an organism. A granuloma is a small nodular delimited aggregation of mononuclear inflammatory cells, possibly resembling epithelial cells and/or surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes.
- Liver Granuloma Severity Score [CMO:0002157] — A measurement of liver granuloma severity which is derived from a combination of multiple measurements and/or an objective or subjective ranking or rating system according to a specified formula or set of criteria.
- Liver Hyperemia Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0002262] — A measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population that display liver hyperemia, that is, an abnormal accumulation of blood in the liver, at a point in time or develop liver hyperemia within a determined period of time, are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio.
- Liver Iron Amount [CMO:0003575] — Measurement of the amount of the iron, a heavy metal element that is vital to many biological processes, in a specified sample of liver.
- Liver Iron Measurement [CMO:0003574] — Any measurement of iron, a heavy metal element that is vital to many biological processes, in liver, the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, just behind or below the diaphragm, the functions of which include storage and filtration of blood, secretion of bile, detoxification of noxious substances, conversion of sugars into glycogen, synthesis and breakdown of fats, and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Iron Weight to Liver Dry Weight Ratio [CMO:0003603] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of iron in a specified sample of dessicated liver is divided by the weight of that liver sample and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The dry weight of the liver may also be estimated by subtracting the weight of water in the liver sample from the total weight of the liver sample.
- Liver Iron Weight to Liver Metastastic Tumorous Lesion Weight Ratio [CMO:0003579] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of iron in a specified sample of liver metastastic tumorous lesion is divided by the weight of that liver metastastic tumorous lesion sample and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Liver Iron Weight to Liver Weight Ratio [CMO:0003577] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of iron in a specified sample of liver is divided by the weight of that liver sample and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Liver Iron Weight to Liver Wet Weight Ratio [CMO:0003602] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of iron in a specified sample of wet liver is divided by the weight of that liver sample and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Liver Lesion Measurement [CMO:0001065] — Measurement of a lesion in the liver, the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, just behind or below the diaphragm, that secretes bile and is active in the formation of certain blood proteins, in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and in the detoxification of noxious substances. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined.
- Liver Lipid Composition Measurement [CMO:0002477] — Any measurement of the absolute or relative amount(s) of one or more of the lipids of which the liver is formed or composed.
- Liver Lipid Measurement [CMO:0001596] — The quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of lipids, any of a structurally diverse group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble innonpolar solvents that, among other biological functions, serve as a source of fuel and are an important constituent of cell structure, occurring in the liver, the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, just behind or below the diaphragm, the functions of which include storage and filtration of blood; secretion of bile; detoxification of noxious substances; conversion of sugars into glycogen; synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids; and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Malondialdehyde Level [CMO:0002451] — The amount of malondialdehyde in a specified sample of liver tissue. Malondialdehyde is an organic compound with the formula CH2(CHO)2. It is a reactive species which occurs naturally, is generally found in the enol form (HOCH=CH-CHO), and is a marker for oxidative stress.
- Liver Malondialdehyde Level to Liver Weight Ratio [CMO:0002485] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of malondialdehyde in a specified sample of liver is divided by the total weight of that liver, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Liver Measurement [CMO:0001064] — Any measurement, morphological or physiological, involving the liver or any part thereof. The liver is the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, just behind or below the diaphragm, the functions of which include storage and filtration of blood; secretion of bile; detoxification of noxious substances; conversion of sugars into glycogen; synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids; and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Mineral Measurement [CMO:0001505] — Any measurement of an inorganic element or compound containing a metal, nonmetal, radical, or phosphate that is needed for proper body function and maintenance of health, in liver, the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, just behind or below the diaphragm, the functions of which include storage and filtration of blood; secretion of bile; detoxification of noxious substances; conversion of sugars into glycogen; synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids; and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Molecular Composition Measurement [CMO:0002450] — Any quantification of the amounts or proportions of proteins, lipids, minerals, nutrients, gases, or other substances in a specified sample of liver tissue.
- Liver Morphological Measurement [CMO:0000093] — Measurement of the physical form or structure of the liver, the large abdominal organ/gland which functions in the storage and filtration of blood, secretion of bile, detoxification of noxious substances, synthesis and storage of glycogen, synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids, and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver MRI Signal Intensity to Paravertebral Muscle MRI Signal Intensity Ratio [CMO:0003595] — A calculated value in which the signal intensity value from healthy liver tissue is divided by the signal intensity value from paravertebral muscle of the same subject and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to the signal intensity value from paravertebral muscle.
- Liver MRI Signal Intensity to Paravertebral Muscle MRI Signal Intensity Ratio (PD-weighted) [CMO:0003598] — A calculated value in which the signal intensity value from healthy liver tissue is divided by the signal intensity value from paravertebral muscle of the same subject and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to the signal intensity value from paravertebral muscle. A PD-weighted image relies on the proton density of the imaged material.
- Liver MRI Signal Intensity to Paravertebral Muscle MRI Signal Intensity Ratio (T2-weighted) [CMO:0003599] — A calculated value in which the signal intensity value from healthy liver tissue is divided by the signal intensity value from paravertebral muscle of the same subject and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to the signal intensity value from paravertebral muscle. A characteristic of a T2-weighted image is the high intensity signal of water versus a low intensity signal of bone or air.
- Liver Non-tumorous Lesion Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0002254] — A measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population that display one or more non-tumorous lesion(s) of the liver at a point in time or develop such lesions within a determined period of time are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio.
- Liver Non-tumorous Lesion Measurement [CMO:0001066] — Measurement of a liver lesion which is not neoplastic in origin. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. Examples of non-tumorous lesions would include wounds, sores, ulcers, infarctions, etc.
- Liver Nonremodeling Tumorous Lesion Number [CMO:0001462] — Measurement in a specified sample of liver of the number of lesions which are or have the potential to become tumors, that is, neoplasms or new growths of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive, without any indication of a remodeling phenotype, that is, without a decrease in biochemical marker expression or growth rate, and without signs of regression.
- Liver Nonremodeling Tumorous Lesion Volume to Total Liver Volume Ratio [CMO:0001464] — A calculated value in which the volume of liver occupied by lesions which are or have the potential to become tumors, that is, neoplasms or new growths of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive, without any indication of a remodeling phenotype, that is, without a decrease in biochemical marker expression or growth rate, and without signs of regression, is divided by the total volume of the liver and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Liver Nucleic Acid Measurement [CMO:0001918] — Any quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of one or more nucleic acids in the liver, the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, the functions of which include storage and filtration of blood; secretion of bile; detoxification of noxious substances; conversion of sugars into glycogen; synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids; and synthesis of serum proteins. Nucleic acids are high-molecular-weight polymeric compounds composed of nucleotides, each consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base, a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group, and are involved in the determination and transmission of genetic characteristics.
- Liver O-6-methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase MRNA Level [CMO:0001922] — Measurement of the amount of messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNA) which specifically codes for the amino acid sequence of the enzyme O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in a specified sample of liver. MGMT is an enzyme that repairs the naturally occurring mutagenic DNA lesion O6-methylguanine back to guanine to prevent mismatch and error during DNA replication and transcription.
- Liver Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity [CMO:0001118] — Measurement in a specified sample of liver of the amount of ezymatic activity of ornithine decarboxylase, that is, the ability of the protein to catalyze the decarboxylation of ornithine (a product of the urea cycle) to form putrescine, the rate-limiting and first committed step in polyamine synthesis. The liver is the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, just behind or below the diaphragm, the functions of which include storage and filtration of blood; secretion of bile; detoxification of noxious substances; conversion of sugars into glycogen; synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids; and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Oxidized Glutathione Level to Liver Weight Ratio [CMO:0002482] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of oxidized glutathione in a specified sample of liver is divided by the total weight of that liver, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) is a glutathione peptide in which the sulfhydryl/thiol group (-SH) of the cysteine has donated its proton (-H) and formed a disulfide bridge (R-S-S-R) with a second glutathione molecule.
- Liver Parenchymal Degeneration Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0002265] — A measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population that display liver parenchymal degeneration, that is, deterioration of the functional (as opposed to supporting or connective) tissue or cells of the liver especially with a resulting loss of function, at a point in time or develop liver edema within a determined period of time, are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio.
- Liver Physiological Measurement [CMO:0003843] — Any measurement relating to the function of the liver or any part thereof. The liver functions in the detoxification of xenobiotics, synthesis and storage of glycogen, synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids, and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Phytosterol Level [CMO:0001942] — The amount of phytosterol(s) in a specified sample of liver. Phytosterols, which encompass both plant sterols and stanols, comprise a large group of steroid compounds similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.
- Liver Protein/peptide Composition Measurement [CMO:0002479] — Any measurement of the absolute or relative amount(s) of one or more of the proteins or peptides of which the liver is formed or composed.
- Liver Protein/peptide Measurement [CMO:0002478] — The quantification of any morphological or physiological parameter of one or more proteins (complex high molecular weight organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages) or peptides (low molecular weight compounds composed of at least two amino acids joined by peptide linkages) in liver.
- Liver Reduced Glutathione Level to Liver Weight Ratio [CMO:0002483] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of reduced glutathione in a specified sample of liver is divided by the total weight of that liver, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Reduced glutathione is a glutathione peptide in which the sulfhydryl/thiol group (-SH) of the cysteine exists in its reduced form, rather than as part of a disulfide bridge with a second glutathione molecule.
- Liver Remodeling Tumorous Lesion Number [CMO:0001461] — Measurement in a specified sample of liver of the number of lesions which are or have the potential to become tumors, that is, neoplasms or new growths of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive, but which display a remodeling phenotype, that is, a progressive decrease in biochemical marker expression and growth rate, and finally complete regression.
- Liver Remodeling Tumorous Lesion Number to Liver Total Tumorous Lesion Number Ratio [CMO:0001705] — A calculated measurement in which the number of tumorous lesions which display a remodeling phenotype, that is, a progressive decrease in biochemical marker expression and growth rate, and finally complete regression, in a specified sample of liver is divided by the total number of tumorous lesions in that sample of liver, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. A tumorous lesion is one which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells.
- Liver Remodeling Tumorous Lesion Volume to Total Liver Volume Ratio [CMO:0001463] — A calculated value in which the volume of liver occupied by lesions which are or have the potential to become tumors, that is, neoplasms or new growths of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive, but which display a remodeling phenotype, that is, a progressive decrease in biochemical marker expression and growth rate, and finally complete regression, is divided by the total volume of the liver and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Liver Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0001919] — Any measurement of the absolute or relative amount(s) of one or more of the ribonucleic acids (RNAs) of which the liver is formed or composed.
- Liver Sitosterol Level [CMO:0001940] — The amount of sitosterol, a phytosterol (molecular formula C29H50O) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol, in a specified sample of liver.
- Liver Size Measurement [CMO:0001469] — Measurement of the physical dimensions, proportions, magnitude, or extent of the liver, the large abdominal organ/gland which functions in the storage and filtration of blood, secretion of bile, detoxification of noxious substances, synthesis and storage of glycogen, synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids, and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Sterol Level [CMO:0001939] — The amount of sterol, any of a group of steroids with a long (8 to 10 carbons) aliphatic side-chain at position 17 and at least one alcoholic group, in a specified sample of liver.
- Liver Total Copper Weight [CMO:0001507] — Measurement of the total weight or heaviness of the copper, an essential dietary trace element, atomic number 29, involved in the formation of bone and blood as a necessary component of several enzymes, in a whole liver.
- Liver Triglyceride Level [CMO:0001598] — The amount of triglyceride, a neutral fat compound that consists of three molecules of fatty acids bound with one molecule of glycerol and that is the usual storage form of lipids in animals, found in a specified sample of liver tissue, a collection of similar cells in a matrix acting together to perform a particular function isolated from the liver, the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, just behind or below the diaphragm, the functions of which include storage and filtration of blood; secretion of bile; detoxification of noxious substances; conversion of sugars into glycogen; synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids; and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Tumor Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0001593] — Any measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population that display liver tumors at a point in time or develop liver tumors within a determined period of time are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio. A liver tumor is a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive occurring in and composed of cells specific to the liver, the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, just behind or below the diaphragm, the functions of which include storage and filtration of blood; secretion of bile; detoxification of noxious substances; conversion of sugars into glycogen; synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids; and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Tumor Measurement [CMO:0001592] — Any measurement of an abnormal growth of tissue in the liver resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function. The liver is the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, just behind or below the diaphragm, the functions of which include storage and filtration of blood; secretion of bile; detoxification of noxious substances; conversion of sugars into glycogen; synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids; and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Tumor MRI Signal Intensity to Paravertebral Muscle MRI Signal Intensity Ratio [CMO:0003596] — A calculated value in which the signal intensity value from tumorous liver tissue is divided by the signal intensity value from paravertebral muscle of the same subject and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to the signal intensity value from paravertebral muscle.
- Liver Tumor MRI Signal Intensity to Paravertebral Muscle MRI Signal Intensity Ratio (PD-weighted) [CMO:0003600] — A calculated value in which the signal intensity value from tumorous liver tissue is divided by the signal intensity value from paravertebral muscle of the same subject and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to the signal intensity value from paravertebral muscle. A PD-weighted image relies on the proton density of the imaged material.
- Liver Tumor MRI Signal Intensity to Paravertebral Muscle MRI Signal Intensity Ratio (T2-weighted) [CMO:0003601] — A calculated value in which the signal intensity value from tumorous liver tissue is divided by the signal intensity value from paravertebral muscle of the same subject and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to the signal intensity value from paravertebral muscle. A characteristic of a T2-weighted image is the high intensity signal of water versus a low intensity signal of bone or air.
- Liver Tumor Number [CMO:0001706] — A value or quantity determined by count of abnormal growths of tissue in the liver or in a specified sample of liver tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function. The liver is the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, just behind or below the diaphragm, the functions of which include storage and filtration of blood; secretion of bile; detoxification of noxious substances; conversion of sugars into glycogen; synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids; and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Tumorous Lesion Area Measurement [CMO:0001070] — A measurement of the extent of a two-dimensional surface of or plane through an individual tumorous lesion in the liver, or a measurement of the total area occupied by tumorous lesions in a cross-section of the liver. A tumorous lesion is one which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors and preneoplastic lesions, as well as hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells.
- Liver Tumorous Lesion Area to Total Liver Area Ratio [CMO:0001075] — A calculated value in which area of the liver occupied by tumorous lesions is divided by the total area of the liver and presented as a ratio, percentage, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to the size of the liver.
- Liver Tumorous Lesion Diameter Measurement [CMO:0001076] — The distance between two specified opposite points on the periphery of a tumorous lesion found on or in the liver. A tumorous lesion is one that is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells.
- Liver Tumorous Lesion Iron Weight to Liver Tumorous Lesion Dry Weight Ratio [CMO:0003605] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of iron in a specified sample of dessicated liver tumorous lesion is divided by the weight of that liver sample and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The dry weight of the liver tumorous lesion may also be estimated by subtracting the weight of water in the liver tumorous lesion sample from the total weight of the liver tumorous lesion sample.
- Liver Tumorous Lesion Iron Weight to Liver Tumorous Lesion Weight Ratio [CMO:0003578] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of iron in a specified sample of liver tumorous lesion is divided by the weight of that liver tumorous lesion sample and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Liver Tumorous Lesion Iron Weight to Liver Tumorous Lesion Wet Weight Ratio [CMO:0003604] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of iron in a specified sample of wet liver tumorous lesion is divided by the weight of that liver sample and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Liver Tumorous Lesion Measurement [CMO:0001067] — Measurement of a liver lesion which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors and preneoplastic lesions, as well as hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells.
- Liver Tumorous Lesion Number [CMO:0001068] — The number of tumorous lesions in or on the surface of the liver, or in a specified section of the liver, the large, highly vascularized organ located in the abdomen of vertebrates that secretes bile and is active in the formation of certain blood proteins, in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and in the detoxification of noxious substances. A tumorous lesion is one which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells.
- Liver Tumorous Lesion Number to Liver Area Ratio [CMO:0001210] — A measure of the number of tumorous lesions in a measured and specified area, e.g. in a histological section.
- Liver Tumorous Lesion Number to Liver Volume Ratio [CMO:0001470] — A calculated measurement in which the number of tumorous lesions in the liver is divided by the total volume of that liver and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. A tumorous lesion is a localized pathological change which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells.
- Liver Tumorous Lesion Size Measurement [CMO:0001069] — Any measurement of the size of an individual tumorous lesion in the liver, or of the amount of the liver occupied by tumorous lesions. A tumorous lesion is one which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors and preneoplastic lesions, as well as hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells.
- Liver Tumorous Lesion Volume Measurement [CMO:0001077] — Measurement of the size of the three dimensional space occupied by an individual liver tumorous lesion, or of the total three dimensional space occupied by tumorous lesions in the liver. A tumorous lesion is one which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors and preneoplastic lesions, as well as hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells.
- Liver Tumorous Lesion Volume to Total Liver Volume Ratio [CMO:0001082] — A calculated value in which volume of the liver occupied by tumorous lesions is divided by the total volume of the liver and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to the size of the liver.
- Liver Volume [CMO:0001468] — Measurement of the size of the three dimensional space occupied by the liver, the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen of vertebrates, just behind or below the diaphragm, the functions of which include storage and filtration of blood; secretion of bile; detoxification of noxious substances; conversion of sugars into glycogen; synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids; and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Volume After Excision and Regeneration [CMO:0003759] — Measurement of the size of the three dimensional space occupied by one or more lobes of the liver after removal and subsequent regrowth. The liver is the large abdominal organ/gland which functions in the storage and filtration of blood, secretion of bile, and other processes.
- Liver Weight [CMO:0000092] — Measurement of the weight or heaviness of the liver, that is, the degree to which it is drawn toward the earth by gravity. The liver is the large abdominal organ/gland which functions in the storage and filtration of blood, secretion of bile, detoxification of noxious substances, synthesis and storage of glycogen, synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids, and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0000633] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of the liver is divided by total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Liver Weight to Tibia Length Ratio [CMO:0002995] —
- Liver Wet Weight [CMO:0000158] — The weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of the liver, the large abdominal organ/gland which functions in the storage and filtration of blood, secretion of bile, detoxification of noxious substances, synthesis and storage of glycogen, synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids, and synthesis of serum proteins.
- Liver Wet Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0002405] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of the liver after excision from the body but without dessication is divided by total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Liver/biliary Measurement [CMO:0000086] — This is any measurement, morphological or physiological, involving the liver, the gall bladder, or the bile ducts.
- Locus Ceruleus Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003325] —
- Logarithm of the Concentration of Acetylcholine at Which the Reduction in Force During Dilation of A Blood Vessel is Half the Maximum Value (Log EC50) [CMO:0000725] — A calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of acetylcholine (ACh), the ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula CH3C=OO(CH2)2-N(+)-(CH3)3 and IUPAC name 2-acetoxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium, which acts as a neurotransmitter, at which the dilation of a blood vessel in response to the application of ACh is half maximal. The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value.
- Logarithm of the Concentration of Angiotensin II at Which the Force of Blood Vessel Contraction is Half the Maximum Value (Log EC50) [CMO:0001658] — A calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of angiotensin II (AngII), the octapeptide, Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe, that is derived from angiotensinogen and acts as a powerful vasopressor and stimulator of aldosterone secretion, at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of AngII is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such AngII-induced contractile energy. The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value.
- Logarithm of the Concentration of Norepinephrine at Which the Force of Blood Vessel Contraction is Half the Maximum Value [CMO:0003677] — A calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of norepinephrine at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of norepinephrine is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such norepinephrine-induced contractile energy. The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value.
- Logarithm of the Concentration of Phenylephrine at Which the Force of Blood Vessel Contraction is Half the Maximum Value (Log EC50) [CMO:0000722] — A calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of phenylephrine (PE), the phenylethanolamine with IUPAC name (R)-3-[-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol and formula C9H13NO2 that acts as a selective alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonist, decongestant and vasoconstrictor, at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of PE is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such PE-induced contractile energy. The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value.
- Logarithm of the Concentration of Potassium Chloride at Which the Force of Blood Vessel Contraction is Half the Maximum Value (Log EC50) [CMO:0002463] — A calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of potassium chloride (KCl) at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of KCl is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such KCl-induced contractile energy. The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value.
- Logarithm of the Concentration of Sodium Nitroprusside at Which the Reduction in Force During Dilation of A Blood Vessel is Half the Maximum Value (Log EC50) [CMO:0000727] — A calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the red-coloured inorganic salt with the formula Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]-2H2O used as a potent vasodilator, at which the energy exerted during the active expansion in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of SNP is halfway between the highest value, that is the force at greatest constriction (often measured in a pre-constricted blood vessel), and the lowest achievable value of such contractile energy during SNP-induced relaxation of the vessel wall (i.e. the maximum effect of SNP which is the minimum contractile energy).
- Logarithm of the Concentration of Vasoconstrictor at Which the Force of Blood Vessel Contraction is Half the Maximum Value (Log EC50) [CMO:0002465] — A calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of a vasoconstrictor at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of the stimulus is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such stimulus-induced contractile energy. The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value. A vasoconstrictor is any agent or condition that narrows blood vessels by constricting the smooth muscle in the vessel walls.
- Logarithm of the Intestinal Adult Trichinella Spiralis Count [CMO:0002024] — A calculated value representing the base ten logarithm of the total number of adult Trichinella spiralis nematode worms recovered from a specified sample of small intestine from an infected subject. A logarithm is the power to which a base, such as 10, must be raised to produce a given number.
- Logarithm of the Ratio of the Lesioned Side Motor Neuron Count to Contralateral Side Motor Neuron Count [CMO:0001986] — A calculated measurement in which the total number of motor neurons found on the damaged side of the spinal cord is divided by total number of motor neurons found on the undamaged side of the spinal cord and presented as the base 10 logarithm of the resulting value. A logarithm is the power to which a base, such as 10, must be raised to produce a given number.
- Logarithm of the Total Number of Bacterial Colony Forming Units Recovered [CMO:0002658] — The logarithm of the enumeration, i.e. measurement of the total number, of bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) in a specified sample of fluid removed from and/or solution used to wash the interior of a cavity in a body or an organ. A logarithm is the power to which a base, such as 10, must be raised to produce a given number. A bacterial CFU is an individual bacterium which is able to clonally propagate itself into an entire colony of identical cells.
- Logarithm of the Total Number of Haemophilus Influenzae Bacterial Colony Forming Units Recovered [CMO:0002659] — The logarithm of the enumeration, i.e. measurement of the total number, of colony forming units (CFUs) of the bacterial species Haemophilus influenzae in a specified sample of fluid removed from and/or solution used to wash the interior of a cavity in a body or an organ. Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic bacterium which is considered an opportunistic pathogen, i.e. one that can colonize a host without causing disease unless there are extenuating circumstances which result in susceptibility on the part of the host.
- Logarithm of the Total Number of Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae Bacterial Colony Forming Units Recovered [CMO:0002661] — The logarithm of the enumeration, i.e. measurement of the total number, of colony forming units (CFUs) of a nontypeable strain of the bacterial species Haemophilus influenzae in a specified sample of fluid removed from and/or solution used to wash the interior of a cavity in a body or an organ. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae refers to any unencapsulated strain of the Gram-negative, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic bacterium species Haemophilus influenza. Such bacteria lack the capsular antigens used to serotype strains and therefore cannot be classified by serology.
- Logarithm of the Total Number of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Bacterial Colony Forming Units Recovered [CMO:0002660] — The logarithm of the enumeration, i.e. measurement of the total number, of colony forming units (CFUs) of the bacterial species Streptococcus pneumoniae in a specified sample of fluid removed from and/or solution used to wash the interior of a cavity in a body or an organ. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a species of Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, facultative anaerobic bacteria commonly found in the nasopharynx of healthy human carriers.
- Longissimus Muscle Weight [CMO:0001394] — The weight or the measure of the heaviness of the longissimus muscle of the back. The longissimus is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis located lateral to the semispinalis and extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae.
- Lumbar Vertebra Area [CMO:0001688] — A measurement of the extent of a two-dimensional surface of or plane through a lumbar vertebra, any of the individual bones forming the portion of the spinal column (the protective bony corridor through which the spinal cord passes) between the thoracic vertebrae in the chest region and the sacrum in the hip region.
- Lumbar Vertebra Cortical Cross-sectional Area [CMO:0001690] — The portion of the cross-sectional area of a lumbar vertebra that corresponds to the area of the cortex, the outer layer of the bone. The cross-sectional area of a lumbar vertebra is a measurement of the extent of a plane through, i.e. perpendicular to the axis of, a lumbar vertebra, any of the individual bones forming the portion of the spinal column (the protective bony corridor through which the spinal cord passes) between the thoracic vertebrae in the chest region and the sacrum in the hip region.
- Lumbar Vertebra Cross-sectional Area [CMO:0001689] — A measurement of the extent of a plane through, that is, perpendicular to the axis of, a lumbar vertebra, any of the individual bones forming the portion of the spinal column (the protective bony corridor through which the spinal cord passes) between the thoracic vertebrae in the chest region and the sacrum in the hip region. The area includes any or all of the bone elements present at the level of the cross-sectional plane, including cortical bone, trabecular bone and/or marrow.
- Lumbar Vertebra Length [CMO:0001683] — The distance from end to end of a single lumbar vertebra, that is, the distance between the two surfaces in one vertebra that connect to the corresponding surfaces of adjacent vertebrae. A lumbar vertebra is any of the individual bones forming the portion of the spinal column, the protective bony corridor through which the spinal cord passes, between the thoracic vertebrae in the chest region and the sacrum in the hip region.
- Lumbar Vertebra Morphological Measurement [CMO:0001687] — A value resulting from the quantification of the physical form or structure of one or more lumbar vertebrae, any of the individual bones forming the portion of the spinal column (the protective bony corridor through which the spinal cord passes) between the thoracic vertebrae in the chest region and the sacrum in the hip region.
- Lumbar Vertebra Trabecular Cross-sectional Area [CMO:0001692] — The portion of the cross-sectional area of a lumbar vertebra that corresponds to the area occupied by cancellous or spongy bone, the inner, less dense, more metabolically active type of osseous tissue made up of a network of tiny lattice-shaped spicules often containing marrow. The cross-sectional area of a lumbar vertebra is a measurement of the extent of a plane through, i.e. perpendicular to the axis of, a lumbar vertebra, any of the individual bones forming the portion of the spinal column (the protective bony corridor through which the spinal cord passes) between the thoracic vertebrae in the chest region and the sacrum in the hip region.
- Lumbar Vertebrae Number [CMO:0001319] — The number of bones of the portion of the spinal column between the thoracic and sacral vertebrae.
- Lumen Diameter at Maximum Constriction Expressed as Percent of Baseline [CMO:0000219] —
- Lumen Diameter at Maximum Dilation Expressed as Percent of Baseline [CMO:0000216] —
- Lung Alveolus Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003380] —
- Lung Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme 2 Activity Level [CMO:0002750] — Quantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE2) in a specified sample of lung. ACE2, an ACE homolog, is a zinc-dependent peptidase of the M2-metalloprotease family that is sensitive to chloride ion concentration, and is a membrane-bound enzyme that acts as a monocarboxypeptidase and is an essential regulator of heart function.
- Lung Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Activity Level [CMO:0002751] — Quantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) in a specified sample of lung tissue. ACE is one of the enzymes of the renin-angiotensin system, and catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I into a physiologically active vasoconstrictor peptide angiotensin II.
- Lung Dry Weight [CMO:0000098] — The weight, after desiccation, of one or both lungs, the organ component of the respiratory system responsible for the exchange of gases between the environment and the blood.
- Lung Dry Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0000102] — A calculated measurement in which the weight after dessication of one or both lungs, the organ component of the respiratory system responsible for the exchange of gases between the environment and the blood, is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Lung Enzyme Activity Measurement [CMO:0002749] — Any quantification of the ability of a lung enzyme, i.e. a protein located in the lung that catalyzes chemical reactions of other substances without itself being destroyed or altered upon completion of the reactions, to carry out its specified molecular function.
- Lung Interleukin-4 Level [CMO:0003062] —
- Lung Interleukin-6 Level [CMO:0003063] —
- Lung Measurement [CMO:0002747] — Any measurement, morphological or physiological, involving the lung or any part thereof. The lungs comprise the organ component of the respiratory system responsible for the exchange of gases between the environment and the blood.
- Lung Morphological Measurement [CMO:0000858] — Any measurement of the physical form or structure of the lung(s), the organ component of the respiratory system responsible for the exchange of gases between the environment and the blood.
- Lung Protein Activity Measurement [CMO:0002748] — Any quantification of the ability of a protein of the lung to accomplish an effect, e.g. take part in a chemical reaction or carry out a specified molecular function.
- Lung Protein/peptide Composition Measurement [CMO:0003061] —
- Lung Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0002798] — Any measurement of the absolute or relative amount(s) of one or more of the ribonucleic acids (RNAs) of which the tissue of the lung is formed or composed.
- Lung Tumor Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0003427] — A measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population displaying one or more tumors of the lung at a point in time or developing such growths within a determined period of time, are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function.
- Lung Tumor Measurement [CMO:0003428] — Measurement of an abnormal growth of tissue in the lung resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function.
- Lung Tumor Necrosis Factor Level [CMO:0003064] —
- Lung Tumor Number [CMO:0003433] — A value or quantity determined by count of lung tumors, abnormal growths of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function in the lung.
- Lung Tumorous Lesion Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0003425] — Any measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population that display lung tumorous lesions at a point in time or develop lung tumorous lesions within a determined period of time are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio. A tumorous lesion is one which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells. The lungs comprise the organ component of the respiratory system responsible for the exchange of gases between the environment and the blood.
- Lung Tumorous Lesion Measurement [CMO:0003426] — Measurement of a lung lesion which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells. The lungs comprise the organ component of the respiratory system responsible for the exchange of gases between the environment and the blood.
- Lung Tumorous Lesion Size Measurement [CMO:0003435] — Any measurement of the size of an individual tumorous lesion in the lung, or of the amount of the lung occupied by tumorous lesions. A tumorous lesion is one which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors and preneoplastic lesions, as well as hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells.
- Lung Weight [CMO:0000096] — The weight of the lung, the organ component of the respiratory system responsible for the exchange of gases between the environment and the blood. Weight is the heaviness or degree to which a body (or a part of the body such as an organ) is drawn toward the earth by gravity.
- Lung Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0000156] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of one or both lungs is divided by the total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Lung Weight to Tibia Length Ratio [CMO:0003144] —
- Lung Wet Weight [CMO:0000097] — The weight, after removal from the body but without desiccation, of one or both lungs, the organ component of the respiratory system responsible for the exchange of gases between the environment and the blood.
- Lung Wet Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0002406] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of one or both lungs after removal from the body but without dessication is divided by the total weight of the body and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Lymph Node Dry Weight [CMO:0001500] — Measurement of the heaviness of one or more lymph nodes, any of the small oval or round bodies, located along the lymphatic vessels, that supply lymphocytes to the bloodstream and remove bacteria and foreign particles from the lymph, after desiccation.
- Lymph Node Dry Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0002314] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of one or more lymph nodes after removal from the body and subsequent dessication is divided by the total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thereby normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Lymph Node Measurement [CMO:0001581] — A value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of one or more lymph nodes, any of the accumulations of lymphoid tissue organized as definite lymphoid organs along the course of lymphatic vessels, consisting of an outer cortical and an inner medullary part; they are the main source of lymphocytes of the peripheral blood and, as part of the reticuloendothelial system, serve as a defense mechanism by removing noxious agents, e.g., bacteria and toxins, and probably play a role in antibody formation.
- Lymph Node Morphological Measurement [CMO:0001497] — Measurement of the physical form or structure of one or more of the lymph nodes, the small, oval or round bodies, located along the lymphatic vessels, that supply lymphocytes to the bloodstream and remove bacteria and foreign particles from the lymph.
- Lymph Node Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003273] —
- Lymph Node Weight [CMO:0001498] — Measurement of the heaviness of any of the small, oval or round bodies, located along the lymphatic vessels, that supply lymphocytes to the bloodstream and remove bacteria and foreign particles from the lymph.
- Lymph Node Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0002313] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of one or more lymph nodes is divided by the total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thereby normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Lymph Node Wet Weight [CMO:0001499] — Measurement of the heaviness of one or more lymph nodes, any of the small oval or round bodies, located along the lymphatic vessels, that supply lymphocytes to the bloodstream and remove bacteria and foreign particles from the lymph, after removal from the body but without desiccation.
- Lymph Node Wet Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0002315] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of one or more lymph nodes after removal from the body but without dessication is divided by the total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thereby normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Lymph Node-specific Lymphocyte Tracer Radioactivity Level to Kidney-specific Lymphocyte Tracer Radioactivity Level Ratio [CMO:0001870] — A calculated measurement in which the level of radioactivity from a lymphocyte tracer found in lymph node is divided by the level of radioactivity from a lymphocyte tracer found in kidney from the same individual, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Lymphocyte tracer radioactivity level is the measurement in a specified sample of tissue of the amount of corpuscular or electromagnetic radiations emitted consequent to nuclear disintegration of a radioactive isotope which is replacing a stable chemical element in a compound that has been introduced into lymphocytes (small agranulocytic leukocytes that originate from fetal stem cells and develop in the bone marrow) rendering them able to be followed or tracked through the body. Lymph nodes are any of the accumulations of lymphoid tissue organized as definite lymphoid organs along the course of lymphatic vessels, consisting of an outer cortical and an inner medullary part; they are the main source of lymphocytes of the peripheral blood and, as part of the reticuloendothelial system, serve as a defense mechanism by removing noxious agents, e.g., bacteria and toxins, and probably play a role in antibody formation. Kidney is the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.
- Lymph Node-specific Lymphocyte Tracer Radioactivity Measurement [CMO:0001869] — Measurement in a specified sample of lymph node tissue of the amount of corpuscular or electromagnetic radiations emitted consequent to nuclear disintegration of a radioactive isotope which is replacing a stable chemical element in a compound that has been introduced into lymphocytes (small agranulocytic leukocytes that originate from fetal stem cells and develop in the bone marrow) rendering them able to be followed or tracked through the body. Lymph nodes are any of the accumulations of lymphoid tissue organized as definite lymphoid organs along the course of lymphatic vessels, consisting of an outer cortical and an inner medullary part; they are the main source of lymphocytes of the peripheral blood and, as part of the reticuloendothelial system, serve as a defense mechanism by removing noxious agents, e.g., bacteria and toxins, and probably play a role in antibody formation.
- Lymphatic System Measurement [CMO:0001580] — Any value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of the complex network of capillaries, thin vessels, valves, ducts, nodes, and organs that produces various blood cells and helps protect and maintain the internal fluid environment of the entire body by producing, filtering, and conveying lymph, a thin watery fluid that is collected from the organs and tissues, and that serves to remove bacteria and certain proteins from the tissues, transport fat from the small intestine, and supply mature lymphocytes to the blood.
- Lymphatic System Morphological Measurement [CMO:0001496] — Measurement of the physical form or structure of all or part of the complex network of capillaries, thin vessels, valves, ducts, nodes, and organs that helps protect and maintain the internal fluid environment of the entire body by producing, filtering, and conveying lymph and producing various blood cells.
- Lymphocyte Tracer Radioactivity Measurement [CMO:0001866] — Any quantification of the corpuscular or electromagnetic radiations emitted consequent to nuclear disintegration of a radioactive isotope which is replacing a stable chemical element in a compound that has been introduced into lymphocytes (small agranulocytic leukocytes that originate from fetal stem cells and develop in the bone marrow) rendering them able to be followed or tracked through the body.
- Lymphoma Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0001908] — Any measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population that display lymphomas at a point in time or develop lymphomas within a determined period of time are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio. Lymphoma refers to any of various usually malignant neoplasms of lymphatic and reticuloendothelial tissues that occur as circumscribed solid tumors and that are composed of cells that resemble or originate from lymphocytes, plasma cells, or histiocytes.
- Lymphoma Measurement [CMO:0001912] — Any value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of a lymphoma or of a lymphoma disease state. Lymphoma refers to any of various usually malignant neoplasms of lymphatic and reticuloendothelial tissues that occur as circumscribed solid tumors and that are composed of cells that resemble or originate from lymphocytes, plasma cells, or histiocytes.
- Lymphoma Onset/diagnosis Measurement [CMO:0001905] — Any measurement which expresses a quantity related to the beginning, early stages or development of a lymphoma, or to the official determination of lymphoma as the cause of the observed symptom(s). Lymphoma refers to any of various usually malignant neoplasms of lymphatic and reticuloendothelial tissues that occur as circumscribed solid tumors and that are composed of cells that resemble or originate from lymphocytes, plasma cells, or histiocytes.
- Lymphoma Size Measurement [CMO:0003586] — Any measurement of the size of an individual tumorous lymphomatous lesion, or of the amount of the surrounding tissue occupied by tumorous lesions. A lymphoma is a tumor, usually malignant, made up of lymphocytes from lymphoid tissue or blood-forming organs.
Data returned: 202 terms all with first letter "L".
Data updated: Sep 01, 2024