- Udder Height [CMO:0000415] — Distance from the floor of the udder, the mammary organ or cattle and certain other mammals, to the point at the top where it joins the body wall. The udder is a large bag like envelope containing two or more glands, each having a teat.
- Udder Measurement [CMO:0000416] —
- Udder Width [CMO:0000417] — Distance from side to side of the udder, the mammary organ of cattle and certain other mammals, at the top of the rear attachment to the body.
- Ulna Length [CMO:0000440] — The distance from one end to the other of the ulna, the major bone of the forelimb.
- Umbilical Cord Blood Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003360] —
- Umbilical Cord Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003313] —
- Unilateral Renal Agenesis Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0000937] — A measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population that display unilateral renal agenesis, the failure to develop one of the kidneys, at a point in time or the number of new cases of unilateral renal agenesis which appear within a determined period of time are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio.
- Upright Sagittal Abdominal Diameter [CMO:0000295] — The measured distance from an individual's back to upper abdomen from midway between the top of the pelvis and the bottom of the ribs, commonly measured while the individual is upright.
- Ureter Measurement [CMO:0001547] — Any measurement of the ureter, one or both of the long, narrow ducts that convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
- Ureter Morphological Measurement [CMO:0000904] — Measurement of the physical form or structure of the ureter, one or both of the long, narrow ducts that convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
- Urethra Measurement [CMO:0001548] — Any measurement of the urethra, the canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder in most mammals and through which semen is discharged in the male.
- Urethra Molecular Composition Measurement [CMO:0003970] — This is any quantification of the amounts or proportions of proteins, lipids, minerals, nutrients, gases, or other substances in a specified sample of urethral tissue, the tissue comprising the canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder in most mammals and through which semen is discharged in the male.
- Urethra Morphological Measurement [CMO:0000905] — Measurement of the physical form or structure of the urethra, the canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder in most mammals and through which semen is discharged in the male.
- Urethra Ribonucleic Acid Level [CMO:0003971] — This is any measurement of the absolute or relative amount(s) of one or more of the ribonucleic acids (RNAs) found in urethral tissue.
- Urinary Bladder Measurement [CMO:0001549] — Any measurement of the urinary bladder, the elastic, muscular sac in which urine collects before excretion.
- Urinary Bladder Morphological Measurement [CMO:0000903] — Measurement of the physical form or structure of the urinary bladder, the elastic, muscular sac in which urine collects before excretion.
- Urinary Bladder Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003257] —
- Urination Frequency [CMO:0000261] — The number of times an organism voids urine over a specified period of time.
- Urine 3-hydroxybutyrate Level [CMO:0002896] —
- Urine 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine Level [CMO:0003845] — This is a common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which the C-8 position of the guanine base has a carbonyl group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.
- Urine Acetoacetate Level [CMO:0002897] — This is a measurement of the amount of a ketone body, acetoacetate, in a specified sample of urine. Acetoacetate is the conjugate base of acetoacetic acid, a physiologically relevant ketone body.
- Urine Albumin Excretion Rate [CMO:0000757] — The amount of albumin excreted into the urine within a specified period of time. If the level of albumin in the urine is above normal but not high enough to be detectable with routine protein testing it is referred to as 'microalbumin'.
- Urine Albumin Excretion Rate to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0001270] — A calculated value in which the amount of albumin, the major protein of blood plasma, excreted in the urine is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight.
- Urine Albumin Level [CMO:0000130] — The amount of albumin in a specified volume of urine. Urine albumin levels which are above normal but not detectable with routine protein testing are referred to as microalbuminuria.
- Urine Albumin Level to Urine Creatinine Level Ratio [CMO:0000384] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of microalbumin, that is, a level of albumin in the urine which is above normal but not detectable with routine protein testing, is divided by the amount of creatinine in a specified volume of urine. Often expressed as microalbumin concentration divided by creatinine concentration times 1000 mg per gram.
- Urine Albumin Level to Urine Low Molecular Weight Protein Ratio [CMO:0000999] — The ratio of the amount of albumin in the urine, or excreted into the urine in a specified period of time to the amount of low molecular weight proteins in the urine, or excreted into the urine in a specified period of time.
- Urine Albumin Level to Urine Osmolality Ratio [CMO:0003594] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of albumin in a specified volume of urine is divided by the osmolality of the same sample of urine.
- Urine Albumin Level to Urine Total Protein Level Ratio [CMO:0003217] —
- Urine Aldosterone Excretion Rate [CMO:0002958] —
- Urine Aldosterone Level [CMO:0002957] —
- Urine Aldosterone Measurement [CMO:0002956] —
- Urine Amylase Level [CMO:0000280] — The amount of amylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch and glycogen, in a specified volume of urine.
- Urine Bilirubin Level [CMO:0000279] —
- Urine Calcium Excretion Rate [CMO:0000763] —
- Urine Calcium Level [CMO:0000281] — The amount of calcium in a specified volume of urine. Usually determined from a 24 hour volume of urine, expressed in mg of urine per kg of calcium per day or mg per 24 hours.
- Urine Catecholamine Excretion Rate [CMO:0002567] — The amount of catecholamine eliminated from the body in the urine per unit time. A catecholamine is any of a group of amines composed of a pyrocatechol molecule and the aliphatic portion of an amine that have important physiological effects as neurotransmitters and hormones.
- Urine Catecholamine Level [CMO:0000262] — Measurement of the amount of one or more catecholamines, any of a group of amines composed of a pyrocatechol molecule and the aliphatic portion of an amine that have important physiological effects as neurotransmitters and hormones, in a specified sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys.
- Urine Catecholamine Measurement [CMO:0002570] — The quantification of any parameter related to one or more catecholamines, any of a group of amines composed of a pyrocatechol molecule and the aliphatic portion of an amine that have important physiological effects as neurotransmitters and hormones, in urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys.
- Urine Chloride Excretion Rate [CMO:0000762] — The amount of chloride, the chemical element with atomic number 17, that have gained one electron forming an anion with a charge of -1, discharged in the urine per unit time.
- Urine Chloride Excretion Rate to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0002158] — A calculated measurement in which urine chloride ion excretion rate is divided by the total weight of the body, i.e., the heaviness or the degree to which the body of the organism is drawn toward the earth by gravity, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Urine chloride excretion rate is the amount of chloride, the chemical element with atomic number 17, that have gained one electron forming an anion with a charge of -1, discharged in the urine per unit time.
- Urine Chloride Level [CMO:0000382] — The amount of chloride ions in a specific volume of urine.
- Urine Chloride Level to Urine Creatinine Level Ratio [CMO:0003024] —
- Urine Color [CMO:0000386] — The color of urine voided from the body.
- Urine Component Excretion Rate Measurement [CMO:0000755] — The amount of a particular constituent of urine, such as an ion or salt, excreted into the urine per unit time.
- Urine Copper Level to Urine Creatinine Level Ratio [CMO:0003493] — A calculated measurement in which the level of copper in a specified sample of urine is divided by the level of creatinine in that sample of urine and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Urine Copper Measurement [CMO:0003491] — Any measurement of copper, an essential dietary trace element, atomic number 29, involved in the formation of bone and blood as a necessary component of several enzymes, in urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys.
- Urine Cortisol Level [CMO:0000282] — The amount of cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, in a specified volume of urine.
- Urine Creatine Excretion Rate [CMO:0002427] — The amount of creatine eliminated from the body in the urine per unit time. Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid (a non-protein amino acid) occurring in vertebrate tissues, particularly in muscle, where the phosphorylated form serves as an important storage form of high-energy phosphate and supplies energy for muscle contraction.
- Urine Creatine Level [CMO:0002426] — The amount of creatine in a specified sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid (a non-protein amino acid) occurring in vertebrate tissues, particularly in muscle, where the phosphorylated form serves as an important storage form of high-energy phosphate and supplies energy for muscle contraction.
- Urine Creatine Measurement [CMO:0002425] — Any measurement of creatine in urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid (a non-protein amino acid) occurring in vertebrate tissues, particularly in muscle, where the phosphorylated form serves as an important storage form of high-energy phosphate and supplies energy for muscle contraction.
- Urine Creatinine Excretion Rate [CMO:0000764] — Measurement of the amount of creatinine eliminated from the body in the urine per unit time. Creatinine is a nitrogenous compound formed in muscle as the end product of creatine metabolism. Blood and urine tests for creatinine are used as diagnostic indicators of kidney function and muscle mass.
- Urine Creatinine Level [CMO:0000125] — Measurement of the amount of creatinine in a specified sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. Creatinine is a nitrogenous compound formed in muscle as the end product of creatine metabolism. Blood and urine tests for creatinine are used as diagnostic indicators of kidney function and muscle mass.
- Urine Creatinine Measurement [CMO:0000766] — Any measurement of creatinine in urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. Creatinine is a nitrogenous compound formed in muscle as the end product of creatine metabolism. Blood and urine tests for creatinine are used as diagnostic indicators of kidney function and muscle mass.
- Urine Dopamine Level [CMO:0001631] — Measurement of the amount of dopamine, a catecholamine hormone and neurotransmitter formed by the decarboxylation of dopa, which is an intermediate product in the synthesis of norepinephrine and is involved motor control, cognition, and reward, in a specified sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys.
- Urine Electrolyte Excretion Rate [CMO:0000758] — The amount of an electrolyte, that is, a substance that dissociates into ions, excreted in the urine per unit time.
- Urine Electrolyte Level [CMO:0000593] —
- Urine Electrolyte Measurement [CMO:0000769] —
- Urine Enzyme Level [CMO:0000592] —
- Urine Epinephrine Excretion Rate [CMO:0002568] — The amount of epinephrine eliminated from the body in the urine per unit time. Epinephrine is a catecholamine hormone of the adrenal medulla that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in increased heart rate and force of contraction, vasoconstriction or vasodilation, relaxation of bronchiolar and intestinal smooth muscle, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and other metabolic effects.
- Urine Epinephrine Level [CMO:0001630] — Measurement of the amount of epinephrine, a catecholamine hormone of the adrenal medulla that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in increased heart rate and force of contraction, vasoconstriction or vasodilation, relaxation of bronchiolar and intestinal smooth muscle, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and other metabolic effects, in a specified sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys.
- Urine Fractional Sodium Excretion [CMO:0001850] — A calculated measurement of the fraction of sodium actually excreted in the urine relative to the amount filtered by the kidneys. It is calculated as the clearance of sodium divided by the glomerular filtration rate. The standard equation for the calculation is: ((urineSodium x plasmaCreatinine)/(plasmaSodium x urineCreatinine))x100.
- Urine Glucose Level [CMO:0000383] — The amount of glucose in a specified volume of urine.
- Urine Ketone Body Level [CMO:0002698] — Measurement of the amount of ketone bodies, that is, acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate and/or acetone, in a specified sample of urine. Ketone bodies are produced by fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism and seen in conditions such as fasting, starvation and diabetes mellitus.
- Urine KIM-1/TIM-1/HAVCR Level [CMO:0003038] — The amount of hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1)in a specific volume of urine. HAVCR1is also called kidney injury molecule 1(KIM1)and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin family member 1 (TIM-1).
- Urine Lipocalin 2 Level [CMO:0003036] — The amount of lipocalin 2 in a specified volume of urine. lipocalin 2 belongs to the lipocalin family. Members of this family transport small hydrophobic molecules such as lipids, steroid hormones and retinoids.
- Urine Mass [CMO:0003948] — This is any measurement of the mass of urine voided.
- Urine Measurement [CMO:0000256] — Any measurement of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys, or its components.
- Urine Mineral Measurement [CMO:0003490] — Any measurement of an inorganic element or compound containing a metal, nonmetal, radical, or phosphate that is needed for proper body function and maintenance of health, in urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys.
- Urine Norepinephrine Excretion Rate [CMO:0002569] — The amount of norepinephrine eliminated from the body in the urine per unit time. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine hormone and neurotransmitter, secreted by the adrenal medulla and the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system, that causes vasoconstriction and increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar level.
- Urine Norepinephrine Level [CMO:0001629] — Measurement of the amount of norepinephrine, a catecholamine hormone and neurotransmitter, secreted by the adrenal medulla and the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system, that causes vasoconstriction and increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar level, in a specified sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys.
- Urine Osmolality [CMO:0000385] — The number of dissolved particles in a specified volume of urine.
- Urine Osteopontin Level [CMO:0003037] —
- Urine pH [CMO:0000258] — Urine pH is a measure of its acidity and is determined by the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in a specified sample of urine.
- Urine Phosphate Excretion Rate [CMO:0002907] —
- Urine Podocalyxin Excretion Rate [CMO:0002949] —
- Urine Potassium Excretion Rate [CMO:0000761] — The amount of potassium, the chemical element with atomic number 19, that have lost one electron forming a cation with a charge of +1, discharged in the urine per unit time.
- Urine Potassium Excretion Rate to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0002159] — This measurement is a calculated measurement in which urine potassium excretion rate is divided by the total weight of the body, i.e., the heaviness or the degree to which the body of the organism is drawn toward the earth by gravity, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Urine potassium excretion rate is the amount of potassium, the chemical element with atomic number 19, discharged in the urine, the fluid waste product separated and discharged by the kidneys, per unit time.
- Urine Potassium Level [CMO:0000128] — The amount of potassium ions in a specified volume of urine.
- Urine Potassium Level to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0002998] —
- Urine Potassium Level to Urine Creatinine Level Ratio [CMO:0002930] —
- Urine Protein Excretion Rate [CMO:0000759] — The amount of protein excreted in urine per unit time.
- Urine Protein Excretion Rate to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0001099] — A calculated value in which the amount of protein excreted in the urine is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight.
- Urine Protein Level [CMO:0000591] —
- Urine Protein Level to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0000950] — A calculated value in which the weight of the amount of protein in a specific volume of urine is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio thus normalizing it to body weight.
- Urine Protein Level to Urine Creatinine Level Ratio [CMO:0002758] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of protein in a specified sample of urine or the amount of protein excreted into the urine in a specified period of time is divided by the amount of creatinine in that sample of urine or the amount of creatinine excreted into the urine in that period of time, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Urine Protein Measurement [CMO:0000770] —
- Urine Sodium Excretion Rate [CMO:0000760] — The amount of sodium, the chemical element with atomic number 11, discharged in the urine, the fluid waste product separated and discharged by the kidneys, per unit time.
- Urine Sodium Excretion Rate to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0001855] — A calculated measurement in which urine sodium excretion rate is divided by the total weight of the body, i.e., the heaviness or the degree to which the body of the organism is drawn toward the earth by gravity, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Urine sodium excretion rate is the amount of sodium, the chemical element with atomic number 11, discharged in the urine, the fluid waste product separated and discharged by the kidneys, per unit time.
- Urine Sodium Excretion Rate to Kidney Weight Ratio [CMO:0003375] —
- Urine Sodium Level [CMO:0000129] — The amount of sodium ions in a specified volume of urine.
- Urine Sodium Level to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0002997] —
- Urine Sodium Level to Urine Creatinine Level Ratio [CMO:0002928] —
- Urine Sodium Level to Urine Potassium Level Ratio [CMO:0002999] —
- Urine Sorbital Dehydrogenase Level [CMO:0003023] — The amount of sorbital dehydrogenase in a specific volume of urine. Sorbitol dehydrogenase is an enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism converting sorbitol, the sugar alcohol form of glucose, into fructose.
- Urine Specific Gravity [CMO:0000257] — This calculated measurement is the ratio of the density of urine to the density of water at a given temperature and pressure.
- Urine Steroid Level [CMO:0000594] —
- Urine Taurine Excretion Rate [CMO:0002430] — The amount of taurine eliminated from the body in the urine per unit time. Taurine is an oxidized sulfur-containing derivative of the amino acid cysteine. It is used in the synthesis of bile salts, is present in bile in combination with cholic acid and can also be found in other organs and tissues such as lungs, muscles and nerves.
- Urine Taurine Level [CMO:0002429] — Measurement of the amount of taurine in a specified sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. Taurine is an oxidized sulfur-containing derivative of the amino acid cysteine. It is used in the synthesis of bile salts, is present in bile in combination with cholic acid and can also be found in other organs and tissues such as lungs, muscles and nerves.
- Urine Taurine Measurement [CMO:0002428] — Any measurement of taurine in urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. Taurine is an oxidized sulfur-containing derivative of the amino acid cysteine. It is used in the synthesis of bile salts, is present in bile in combination with cholic acid and can also be found in other organs and tissues such as lungs, muscles and nerves.
- Urine Total Protein Excretion Rate [CMO:0000756] —
- Urine Total Protein Excretion Rate to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0001902] — A calculated value in which the value representing the entire amount of all proteins excreted in the urine is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and by extension to the size of the organism. Urine is the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. Body weight is the heaviness or degree to which the body, i.e., the entire material or physical structure of an organism, is drawn toward the earth by gravity.
- Urine Total Protein Level [CMO:0000625] —
- Urine Urea Excretion Rate [CMO:0002908] —
- Urine Urea Level [CMO:0002924] —
- Urine Urea Level to Urine Creatinine Level Ratio [CMO:0002926] —
- Urine Urotensin II Level [CMO:0002919] —
- Urine Urotensin II Level to Urine Creatinine Level Ratio [CMO:0002921] —
- Urine Vanillylmandelic Acid Excretion Rate [CMO:0002571] — The amount of vanillylmandelic acid eliminated from the body in the urine per unit time. Vanillylmandelic acid is the major urinary metabolite of adrenal and sympathetic catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine.
- Urine Vanillylmandelic Acid Level [CMO:0001632] — Measurement of the amount of vanillylmandelic acid, the major urinary metabolite of adrenal and sympathetic catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, in a specified sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys.
- Urine Volume [CMO:0000259] — The amount of urine voided.
- Uterine Cervix Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003330] —
- Uterine Horn Length [CMO:0000408] — Distance between the two ends of one of the tubular extensions from the uterine body to which the uterine tube is connected.
- Uterine Horn Morphological Measurement [CMO:0002414] — Any measurement of the physical form or structure of one or both uterine horns. A uterine horn is one of the pair of tubular extensions from the uterine body to which the uterine tubes connect. The horns are largest in mammals that bear many young (polytocous) and shorter in those that bear single young (unitocous).
- Uterine Horn Weight [CMO:0000411] —
- Uterus Dry Weight [CMO:0002418] — Measurement of the weight of the uterus, that is, its heaviness or the degree to which it is drawn toward the earth by gravity, after dessication of the excised organ.
- Uterus Measurement [CMO:0002415] — Any quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of the uterus, the hollow muscular organ in female mammals in which the fertilized ovum normally becomes embedded and in which the developing embryo and fetus is nourished.
- Uterus Morphological Measurement [CMO:0002413] — Any measurement of the physical form or structure of the uterus, the hollow muscular organ in female mammals in which the fertilized ovum normally becomes embedded and in which the developing embryo and fetus is nourished.
- Uterus Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0002803] — Any measurement of the absolute or relative amount(s) of one or more of the ribonucleic acids (RNAs) of which the tissue of the uterus is formed or composed.
- Uterus Weight [CMO:0002416] — Measurement of the weight of the uterus, that is, its heaviness or the degree to which it is drawn toward the earth by gravity.
- Uterus Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0002420] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of the uterus is divided by the total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Uterus Wet Weight [CMO:0002419] — Measurement of the weight of the uterus, that is, its heaviness or the degree to which it is drawn toward the earth by gravity, after removal from the body but without dessication.
- Uterus Wet Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0002421] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of the uterus after removal from the body but without dessication is divided by the total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Uveitis Severity Measurement [CMO:0001502] — Any measurement of the degree to which the presentation of inflammation of the vascular, pigmentary, middle coat of the eye, comprising the choroid, ciliary body, and iris, causes pain or damage.
Data returned: 123 terms all with first letter "U".
Data updated: Sep 01, 2024