- S Wave Amplitude [CMO:0000272] — The magnitude of the S wave, the downward deflection of the QRS complex following the R wave representing late depolarization of the ventricles as illustrated in an electrocardiograph.
- S Wave Duration [CMO:0000273] — The time from start to finish of the S wave which is the downward deflection of the QRS complex following the R wave representing late depolarization as illustrated by an electrocardiograph.
- Saccharin Drink Intake Rate [CMO:0001612] — The amount of saccharin, a cyclic imine of 2-sulfobenzoic acid which is 500 times sweeter than sugar and used as a nonnutritive sweetener, consumed as a drink, that is, a liquid brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst, for nourishment, etc., per unit time.
- Saccharin Drink Intake Rate to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0001614] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of saccharin, a cyclic imine of 2-sulfobenzoic acid which is 500 times sweeter than sugar and used as a nonnutritive sweetener, consumed as a drink, that is, a liquid brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst, for nourishment, etc., per unit time, is divided by the total weight of the body and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Saccharin Drink Intake Volume [CMO:0001599] — Measurement of the size of the three dimensional space occupied by the amount of a solution of saccharin, a cyclic imine of 2-sulfobenzoic acid which is 500 times sweeter than sugar and used as a nonnutritive sweetener, consumed as a drink in a specified period of time.
- Saccharin Intake Volume to Total Fluid Intake Volume Ratio [CMO:0001601] — A calculated measurement of saccharin intake in which the volume, that is, the size of the three dimensional space occupied by a solution of saccharin, a cyclic imine of 2-sulfobenzoic acid which is 500 times sweeter than sugar and used as a nonnutritive sweetener, consumed in a specified period of time is divided by the total volume of all fluids consumed within that period, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Saline Drink Intake Rate [CMO:0001627] — The amount of a solution of sodium chloride that is consumed as a drink, that is, a liquid that is brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst, for nourishment, etc., per unit time. A sodium chloride solution is homogeneous mixture of atoms of sodium, the chemical element with atomic number 11, that have lost one electron forming a cation with a charge of +1, and an equivalent number of atoms of chlorine, the chemical element with atomic number 17, that have gained one electron forming an anion with a charge of -1 dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water.
- Saline Drink Intake Volume [CMO:0001628] — The amount of a solution of sodium chloride that is consumed as a drink, that is, a liquid that is brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst, for nourishment, etc., during a specified period of time. A sodium chloride solution is homogeneous mixture of atoms of sodium, the chemical element with atomic number 11, that have lost one electron forming a cation with a charge of +1, and an equivalent number of atoms of chlorine, the chemical element with atomic number 17, that have gained one electron forming an anion with a charge of -1 dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water.
- Salivary Gland Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003263] —
- Schwann Cell Count [CMO:0000325] — The number of Schwann cells, large nucleated cells whose membranes spirally wrap axons of myelinated peripheral neurons, in a specified sample volume.
- Sciatic Nerve Ribonucleic Acid Level [CMO:0003927] — This is any measurement of the absolute or relative amount(s) of one or more of the ribonucleic acids (RNAs) of which the tissue of the sciatic nerve is formed or composed.
- Scotopic A Wave Amplitude of ERG Waveform [CMO:0003706] — Electroretinographic scotopic measurement targets rod-pathway function made from the dark-adapted eye. The a-wave is the first large negative component of the electrical wave generated by the retina in response to light. The amplitude of the a-wave is measured from the baseline to the negative trough of the a-wave. If the stimulus light is weak, no scotopic A wave can be measured.
- Scotopic B Wave Amplitude of ERG Waveform [CMO:0003705] — Electroretinographic scotopic measurement targets rod-pathway function made from the dark-adapted eye. The amplitude of the b-wave is measured from the trough of the a-wave to the following peak of the b-wave.
- Self Mutilation Measurement [CMO:0002143] — Any measurement of self mutilation, i.e. the act of injuring one's own body to the extent of cutting off or permanently destroying a limb or other essential part of a body.
- Self Mutilation Severity Measurement [CMO:0002144] — Any measurement of the degree to which the presentation of self mutilation, i.e. the act of injuring one's own body to the extent of cutting off or permanently destroying a limb or other essential part of a body, causes pain or damage.
- Self Mutilation Severity Score [CMO:0002145] — A measurement of the severity of self mutilation, the act of injuring one's own body to the extent of cutting off or permanently destroying a limb or other essential part of a body, which is derived from a combination of multiple measurements and/or an objective or subjective ranking or rating system according to a specified formula or set of criteria.
- Semen Measurement [CMO:0001353] — Any measurement of the viscous secretion of the male reproductive organs, typically containing spermatazoa and secretions of the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands.
- Semen pH [CMO:0001355] — Measurement of the acidity, expressed as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration, of a sample of semen, the viscous secretion of the male reproductive organs, typically containing spermatazoa and secretions of the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands.
- Semen Volume [CMO:0001354] — Volume of semen, the viscous secretion of the male reproductive organs, typically containing spermatazoa and secretions of the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands, in a single ejaculate.
- Semimembranosus Muscle Weight [CMO:0001396] — The weight or the measure of the heaviness of the semimembranosus muscle, one of three posterior femoral muscles. Situated at the back and medial side of the thigh, it originates in a thick tendon attached to the tuberosity of the ischium and inserts into the horizontal groove on the medial condyle of the tibia. It functions to flex the leg, to rotate it medially after flexion, and to extend the thigh.
- Seminal Vesicle Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003340] —
- Seminal Vesicle Weight [CMO:0000636] — The heaviness, i.e. the degree to which an object is drawn toward the earth by gravity, of one or both of a pair of pouchlike glands situated on each side of the male urinary bladder that secrete seminal fluid and nourish and promote the movement of spermatozoa through the urethra.
- Seminal Vesicle Wet Weight [CMO:0001603] — The heaviness, i.e. the degree to which an object is drawn toward the earth by gravity, of one or both of a pair of pouchlike glands situated on each side of the male urinary bladder that secrete seminal fluid and nourish and promote the movement of spermatozoa through the urethra, measured after removal from the body but without dessication.
- Semitendinosus Muscle Weight [CMO:0001395] — The weight or the measure of the heaviness of the of the semitendinosus muscle, one of three posterior femoral muscles of the thigh which functions to flex the leg, to rotate it medially after flexion, and to extend the thigh.
- Serum 11-dehydrocorticosterone Level [CMO:0003511] — The amount of 11-dehydrocorticosterone, an 11-oxo steroid that is corticosterone in which the hydroxy substituent at the 11beta position has been oxidized to give the corresponding ketone, found in a specific volume of serum.
- Serum 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha Level [CMO:0003405] — Measurement of the amount of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha, an isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position., in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed.
- Serum Acetaminophen Level [CMO:0002468] — Measurement of the amount of acetaminophen, an analgesic and antipyretic with effects similar to aspirin but only weakly anti-inflammatory, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Acetaminophen Level Area Under Curve [CMO:0002599] — A calculated measurement in which a series of measurements of the amount of acetaminophen in a specified volume of serum is plotted against time for a single individual and the extent of the two dimensional region bounded by the curve and the axes of the graph is determined.
- Serum Adiponectin Level [CMO:0000583] —
- Serum Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Level (ACTH) [CMO:0000287] —
- Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Activity Level [CMO:0000575] — The amount of ezymatic activity of glutamic-pyruvate transaminase enzyme, commonly known as alanine transaminase or alanine aminotransferase (ALT), enzyme in a specified sample of serum. ALT catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate. Serum ALT level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage.
- Serum Albumin Level [CMO:0000550] — The amount of albumin in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Aldosterone Level [CMO:0000487] — The amount of aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex which acts as a mineralocorticoid, found in a specified volume of serum.
- Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Level [CMO:0000577] — Quantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by alkaline phosphatase (AP) in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. AP is an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of orthophosphate from orthophosphoric monoesters under alkaline conditions.
- Serum Alpha-fetoprotein Level [CMO:0001472] — The amount of alpha-fetoprotein, a highly abundant plasma protein produced by the yolk sac, liver and gastrointestinal tract during fetal life and by certain neoplasms in the adult, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Amylase Activity Level [CMO:0003519] — The amount of enzymatic activity of amylase, a digestive enzyme that helps the body break down carbohydrates, in a specified sample of serum. Both the salivary glands and the pancreas produce amylase. Blood amylase level is used to diagnose or monitor a problem with the pancreas.
- Serum Androstenedione Level [CMO:0000558] —
- Serum Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme 2 Activity Level [CMO:0002743] — Quantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE2) in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. ACE2, an ACE homolog, is a zinc-dependent peptidase of the M2-metalloprotease family that is sensitive to chloride ion concentration, and is a membrane-bound enzyme that acts as a monocarboxypeptidase and is an essential regulator of heart function.
- Serum Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Activity Level [CMO:0000579] — Quantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Angiotensin I Level [CMO:0002983] —
- Serum Angiotensin II Level [CMO:0000573] — The amount of angiotensin II in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Anion Gap [CMO:0000569] — The serum anion gap is a measurement of the difference-or gap-between the negatively charged and positively charged electrolytes in serum, i.e. blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed. If the anion gap is either too high or too low, it may be a sign of a disorder in the lungs, kidneys, or other organ systems.
- Serum Anti-betacoronavirus Antibody Level [CMO:0003398] — Measurement of the amount of anti-betacoronavirus antibodies in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. An anti-betacoronavirus antibody is an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds to a specific antigen found on or in a betacoronavirus. Betacoronaviruses represent one of four genera of coronaviruses of the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae in the family Coronaviridae, of the order Nidovirales.
- Serum Anti-bovine Type 2 Collagen Antibody Level [CMO:0001282] — The amount of an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds cattle-derived type 2 collagen, the main fibrous protein constituent of cartilage, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Anti-bovine Type 2 Collagen Antibody Titer [CMO:0002644] — A measurement of the amount of an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds cattle-derived type 2 collagen, the main fibrous protein constituent of cartilage, in a specified sample of serum, expressed as the last dilution of serum at which a positive result could be obtained.
- Serum Anti-collagen Antibody Level [CMO:0001280] — The amount of an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds to one or more types of collagen, the fibrous protein constituent of bone, cartilage, tendon, and other connective tissue, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Anti-collagen Antibody Titer [CMO:0002629] — A measurement of the amount of an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds to one or more types of collagen, the fibrous protein constituent of bone, cartilage, tendon, and other connective tissue, in a specified volume of serum, expressed as the last dilution of plasma at which a positive result could be obtained.
- Serum Anti-coronavirus Antibody Level [CMO:0003390] — Measurement of the amount of anti-coronavirus antibodies in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. An anti-coronavirus antibody is an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds to a specific antigen found on or in a coronavirus.
- Serum Anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) Antibody Level [CMO:0003142] —
- Serum Anti-DNA Antibody Level [CMO:0001533] — The amount of immunoglobulin molecule with an amino acid sequence that binds to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a molecule composed of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Anti-DNA Antibody Titer [CMO:0002630] — A measurement of the amount of immunoglobulin molecule with an amino acid sequence that binds to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in a specified sample of serum, expressed as the last dilution of plasma at which a positive result could be obtained.
- Serum Anti-dsDNA Antibody Level [CMO:0001534] — The amount of immunoglobulin molecule with an amino acid sequence that binds to double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a molecule composed of two anti-parallel, hydrogen-bonded, polymeric strands of nucleic acids in which the sugar is deoxyribose and which is also composed of phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Anti-dsDNA Antibody Titer [CMO:0002631] — A measurement of the amount of immunoglobulin molecule with an amino acid sequence that binds to double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a molecule composed of two anti-parallel, hydrogen-bonded, polymeric strands of nucleic acids in which the sugar is deoxyribose and which is also composed of phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, in a specified sample of serum, expressed as the last dilution of plasma at which a positive result could be obtained.
- Serum Anti-Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Antibody Level [CMO:0003143] —
- Serum Anti-laminin Antibody Level [CMO:0001539] — The amount of immunoglobulin molecule with an amino acid sequence that specifically binds to laminin, a large polypeptide glycoprotein component of basement membranes, in a specific volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Anti-laminin Antibody Titer [CMO:0002628] — Measurement of the amount of immunoglobulin molecule with an amino acid sequence that specifically binds to laminin, in a specified sample of serum expressed as the last dilution of serum at which a positive result could be obtained.
- Serum Anti-MERS-CoV Antibody Level [CMO:0003393] — Measurement of the amount of anti-MERS-Cov antibodies in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. An anti-MERS-Cov antibody is an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds to a specific antigen found on or in a MERS-Cov betacoronavirus.
- Serum Anti-porcine Type 2 Collagen Antibody Level [CMO:0002622] — The amount of an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds pig-derived type 2 collagen, the main fibrous protein constituent of cartilage, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Anti-porcine Type 2 Collagen Antibody Titer [CMO:0002623] — The amount of an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds pig-derived type 2 collagen in a specified sample of serum expressed as the last dilution of serum at which a positive result could be obtained.
- Serum Anti-rat Type 2 Collagen Antibody Level [CMO:0002620] — The amount of an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds rat-derived type 2 collagen, the main fibrous protein constituent of cartilage, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Anti-rat Type 2 Collagen Antibody Titer [CMO:0002626] — The amount in a specified sample of serum, of an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds rat-derived type 2 collagen, expressed as the last dilution of serum at which a positive result could be obtained.
- Serum Anti-rat Type 2 Collagen Autoantibody Level [CMO:0002621] — The amount in a specified sample of serum, of an immunoglobulin molecule, specifically one produced by the immune system of a rat against its own collagen, possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds rat-derived type 2 collagen.
- Serum Anti-rat Type 2 Collagen Autoantibody Titer [CMO:0002624] — The amount in a specified sample of serum, of an immunoglobulin molecule, specifically one produced by the immune system of a rat against its own collagen, possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds rat-derived type 2 collagen, expressed as the last dilution of serum at which a positive result could be obtained.
- Serum Anti-SARS-CoV Antibody Level [CMO:0003392] — Measurement of the amount of anti-SARS-CoV antibodies in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. An anti-SARS-CoV antibody is an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds to a specific antigen found on or in a SARS-CoV betacoronavirus.
- Serum Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Level [CMO:0003391] — Measurement of the amount of anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. An anti-SARS-CoV2 antibody is an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds to a specific antigen found on or in a SARS-CoV2 betacoronavirus.
- Serum Anti-ssDNA Antibody Level [CMO:0001535] — The amount of immunoglobulin molecule with an amino acid sequence that binds to single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a single polymeric strand of nucleic acids in which the sugar is deoxyribose and which is also composed of phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Anti-ssDNA Antibody Titer [CMO:0002632] — A measurement of the amount of immunoglobulin molecule with an amino acid sequence that binds to single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a single polymeric strand of nucleic acids in which the sugar is deoxyribose and which is also composed of phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, in a specified sample of serum, expressed as the last dilution of plasma at which a positive result could be obtained.
- Serum Anti-toxoplasma Antibody Level [CMO:0001830] — Measurement of the amount of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. An anti-toxoplasma antibody is an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds to a specific antigen found on or in the parasite toxoplasma, a genus of sporozoa the only species of which is Toxoplasma gondii that are intracellular parasites of many organs and tissues of birds and mammals, including humans. A parasite is an organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while contributing nothing to the survival of its host and possibly causing damage to that host. An antigen is a substance introduced into an organism which initiates an immune response, including the production of the very antibodies which bind to it in an effort to destroy it.
- Serum Anti-toxoplasma Antibody Titer [CMO:0002031] — The amount of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in a specified sample of serum (the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed) expressed as the last dilution of serum at which a positive result could be obtained. An anti-toxoplasma antibody is an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds to a specific antigen found on or in the parasite toxoplasma, a genus of sporozoa the only species of which is Toxoplasma gondii that are intracellular parasites of many organs and tissues of birds and mammals, including humans. A parasite is an organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while contributing nothing to the survival of its host and possibly causing damage to that host. An antigen is a substance introduced into an organism which initiates an immune response, including the production of the very antibodies which bind to it in an effort to destroy it.
- Serum Anti-type 2 Collagen Antibody Level [CMO:0002627] — The amount of an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds type 2 collagen, the main fibrous protein constituent of cartilage, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Anti-type 2 Collagen Antibody Titer [CMO:0002625] — Measurement of the amount of an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds type 2 collagen in a specified volume of serum expressed as the last dilution of serum at which a positive result could be obtained.
- Serum Antibody Level [CMO:0001277] — A measurement of the amount of an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds to a specific antigen, a substance introduced into an organism which initiates an immune response including the production of the very antibodies which bind to it in an effort to destroy it, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Antibody Titer [CMO:0002619] — A measurement of the amount of a specific antibody in a specified sample of serum, expressed as the last dilution of plasma at which a positive result could be obtained. Serum is the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Apolipoprotein Level [CMO:0000553] —
- Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase Activity Level [CMO:0000581] — The amount of enzymatic activity of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase enzyme, commonly known as aspartate transaminase or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), in a specified sample of serum. AST catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amine group from l-glutamic acid to oxaloacetic acid, forming alpha-ketoglutaric acid and l-aspartic acid. Serum AST level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage.
- Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase Activity Level to Alanine Aminotransferase Activity Level Ratio [CMO:0002245] — A calculated measurement in which the value of the enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase enzyme in a specified sample of serum is divided by the value of the enzymatic activity of alanine aminotransferase in the same sample, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Serum Autoantibody Level [CMO:0002109] — Measurement of the amount of one or more autoantibodies in a specified sample of serum. An antibody is an immunoglobulin molecule possessing a specific amino acid sequence that binds to a specific antigen, a substance introduced into an organism which initiates an immune response including the production of the very antibodies which bind to it in an effort to destroy it. An autoantibody is an antibody that attacks the cells, tissues, native proteins, or other endogenous molecules of the organism in which it was formed.
- Serum Autoantibody Titer [CMO:0002616] — Measurement of the amount of one or more autoantibodies in a specified sample of serum, expressed as the last dilution of serum at which a positive result could be obtained.
- Serum Beta-2 Microglobulin [CMO:0003040] —
- Serum Bicarbonate Level [CMO:0000488] — The amount of carbonic acid dissolved in carbon dioxide and carbonate ion found in a specified volume of serum.
- Serum Blood Glycerol Level [CMO:0002680] — The amount of free glycerol, a trihydroxy sugar alcohol produced by lipolysis of triglycerides in adipose tissue and a precursor for the synthesis of triacylglycerols and phospholipids in the body, found in a specific volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum C-reactive Protein Level [CMO:0003161] — The proportion, quantity, or volume of C-reactive protein (CRP) found in the serum, the clear liquid that is separated from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. CRP is an acute phase reactant protein used to indicate inflammatory illness. It is believed to be of value in predicting coronary events.
- Serum Calbindin Level [CMO:0003042] —
- Serum Calcium Level [CMO:0000503] — The amount of calcium ions in a specified volume of serum.
- Serum Calcium to Serum Phosphate Ratio [CMO:0003227] — This is a measure of calcium in serum divided by the inorganic phosphate in serum from a specified sample of serum, presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Serum is the clear liquid that separates from coagulated blood after solids have been removed.
- Serum Carbon Dioxide Level [CMO:0003883] —
- Serum Carboxyhemoglobin Level [CMO:0000284] — A measure of the amount of carboxyhemoglobin formed by the combination of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Level [CMO:0001957] — The amount of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a noncollagenous extracellular matrix protein that serves as a marker of cartilage turnover, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Ceruloplasmin Level [CMO:0003468] — The amount of ceruloplasmin in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Chloride Level [CMO:0000489] — The amount of chloride ions found in a specified volume of serum.
- Serum Cholesterol Level [CMO:0002281] — The amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Cholesterol in the serum is associated with various lipoproteins.
- Serum Chylomicron Cholesterol Level [CMO:0002683] — Measurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in chylomicron molecules in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Chylomicrons are a class of lipoproteins (approximate density range <0.95 g/ml) that transport exogenous triglycerides and cholesterol from the small intestine to other tissues.
- Serum Chylomicron Level [CMO:0001578] — Measurement of the amount of chylomicrons, a class of lipoproteins (approximate density range <0.95 g/ml) that transport exogenous triglycerides and cholesterol from the small intestine to other tissues, found in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Clusterin Level [CMO:0003044] —
- Serum Complement C3a Des Arg Level [CMO:0003054] — This is a measurement of the amount of C3a des Arg in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. C3a des Arg is formed from C3a via carboxypeptidase cleavage of the C-terminal arginine group.
- Serum Copper Level [CMO:0003465] — The amount of copper, an essential dietary trace element, atomic number 29, involved in the formation of bone and blood as a necessary component of several enzymes, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Corticosterone Level [CMO:0001174] — The amount of corticosterone, a corticosteroid produced in the adrenal cortex that functions in the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, found in a specific volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Cortisol Level [CMO:0000516] — The amount of cortisol, a glucocorticoid which affects the metabolism of glucose, protein and fats, in a specified volume of serum.
- Serum Creatine Kinase Activity Level [CMO:0002244] — The amount of enzymatic activity of creatine kinase (CK) enzyme in a specified sample of serum. CK catalyses the reversible transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens such as creatine phosphate. Serum CK level is used as an enzymatic marker for myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure.
- Serum Creatinine Level [CMO:0000057] — The amount of creatinine, a catabolic product of creatine phosphate used in skeletal muscle contraction, found in a specified volume of serum.
- Serum Cystatin C Level [CMO:0002779] — The amount of the protein cystatin C found in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Dehydroepiandrosterone Level [CMO:0000560] —
- Serum Derivatives of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites Level [CMO:0003199] — This is a measure of derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolites (dROMs) in serum. Derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolites are an indicator of the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
- Serum Dihydrotestosterone Level [CMO:0000562] —
- Serum Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Activity Level [CMO:0003012] —
- Serum Direct Renin Activity Level [CMO:0002501] — Measurement of the amount of renin activity in a specified sample of serum (the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed) via the direct immunologic detection of the renin protein in the sample and subsequent conversion of the protein level to an activity level.
- Serum Dopamine Level [CMO:0001783] — Measurement of the amount of dopamine, a catecholamine hormone and neurotransmitter formed by the decarboxylation of dopa, which is an intermediate product in the synthesis of norepinephrine and is involved motor control, cognition, and reward, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Eicosanoid Level [CMO:0003404] — Measurement of the amount of one or more eicosanoids, physiologically active molecules derived by oxidation of twenty-carbon essential fatty acids such as arachidonic acid, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed.
- Serum Epinephrine Level [CMO:0001007] — The amount of epinephrine, a catecholamine which can act as a neurotransmitter, a stress hormone, a stimulator of the sympathetic nervous system and a vasoconstrictor, found in a specific volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Estradiol Level [CMO:0000564] —
- Serum Ethanol Level [CMO:0000571] — The amount of ethanol, the colorless, volatile, flammable liquid, CH3CH2OH, produced by yeast fermentation of carbohydrates or synthesized by hydration of ethylene, found in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Free Fatty Acids Level [CMO:0000547] — The amount of free fatty acids found in a specific volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Fructosamine Level [CMO:0002856] —
- Serum Galanin Level [CMO:0003031] —
- Serum Gamma-glutamyltransferase Activity Level [CMO:0002241] — The amount of enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in a specified sample of serum. GGT catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to an acceptor such as amino acid, a peptide or water. Serum GGT level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage.
- Serum Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Level [CMO:0003642] — The amount of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, a 42-amino-acid hormone that is produced by enteroendocrine K-cells and released into the circulation in response to nutrient stimulation, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Globulin Level [CMO:0002399] — Measurement of the amount of globulins, a broad category of plasma proteins, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Glucagon Level [CMO:0001295] — The amount of glucagon, a peptide secreted by pancreatic alpha cells which plays an important role in regulation of blood glucose concentration, ketone metabolism, and other biochemical and physiological processes, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Level [CMO:0003639] — The amount of glucagon-like peptide 1, a peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.
- Serum Glucose Level [CMO:0000543] — Measurement of the amount of glucose, the monosaccharide sugar, C6H12O6, occurring widely in plant and animal tissues which is one of the three dietary monosaccharides that are absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion, is the end product of carbohydrate metabolism, and is the chief source of energy for living organisms, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Glucose Level Area Under Curve (AUC) [CMO:0003884] — A calculated value in which a series of measurements of the amount of glucose in a specified volume of serum is plotted against time and the extent of the two dimensional region bounded by the curve and the axes of the graph is determined.
- Serum Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity Level [CMO:0002475] — Measurement of the amount of ezymatic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, the enzyme which catalyzes the interconversion of glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate (ie, the reversible conversion of glutamic acid to 2-oxoglutaric acid and ammonia), in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Glutathione Level [CMO:0002433] — The amount of glutathione in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant tripeptide with a gamma peptide linkage between the amine group of cysteine (which is attached by normal peptide linkage to a glycine) and the carboxyl group of the glutamate side-chain.
- Serum Glutathione Peroxidase Activity Level [CMO:0002442] — The amount of ezymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of two glutathiones with H2O2, forming glutathione disulfide and two water molecules, and is a crucial enzyme in hydrogen peroxide detoxification.
- Serum Glutathione S-transferase-alpha Level [CMO:0003046] —
- Serum Glutathione S-transferase-u Level [CMO:0003048] —
- Serum Growth Hormone Level [CMO:0001229] — Measurement of the amount of growth hormone, a polypeptide hormone which promotes body growth and fat mobilization and inhibits glucose utilization, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Haptoglobin Level [CMO:0002520] — Measurement of the amount of haptoglobin in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Haptoglobin is a serum alpha2 globulin glycoprotein, produced by the liver, that functions to bind free plasma hemoglobin, which allows degradative enzymes to gain access to the hemoglobin, while at the same time preventing loss of iron through the kidneys and protecting the kidneys from damage by hemoglobin.
- Serum Hemoglobin Level [CMO:0002730] — The amount of hemoglobin, the oxygen carrying pigment of erythrocytes, found in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Hesperetin Level [CMO:0003005] — The amount of hesperetin found in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Hesperetin, in the form of its glycoside Hesperidin, is the predominant flavonoid in lemons and oranges.
- Serum High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level [CMO:0000361] — Measurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) molecules in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. HDL is the smallest of the major lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. The HDL class of lipoproteins, specifically the subtypes of HDL2 and HDL3, have densities between 1.063 and 1.210 g/ml.
- Serum High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level to Serum Total Cholesterol Level Ratio [CMO:0003009] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of HDL cholesterol in a specified volume of serum is divided by the amount of total serum cholesterol, without taking into account any association with other molecules such as lipoproteins, in a specified volume of serum, in the same sample, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Serum High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio [CMO:0001365] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of HDL, small-particle lipoproteins that promote transport of cholesterol from extrahepatic tissue to the liver for excretion in the bile, in a specified volume of serum is divided by the amount of LDL, relatively large-particle lipoproteins that transport cholesterol to extrahepatic tissue, in the same sample, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Serum High Density Lipoprotein Phospholipid Level [CMO:0001567] — Measurement of the amount of phospholipid, any of various phosphorus-containing lipids that are composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule such as glycerol, carried in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) molecules in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. HDL is the smallest of the major lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. The HDL class of lipoproteins, specifically the subtypes of HDL2 and HDL3, have densities between 1.063 and 1.210 g/ml.
- Serum Immunoglobulin A Level [CMO:0002095] — The amount in a specified sample of serum of one or more types of immunoglobulin A (IgA), one of the most prevalent of the five classes of antibodies produced by the body. IgA is found in all secretions of the body and is the major antibody in the tears, saliva, and mucous membranes lining the intestines and bronchi, constituting an important factor in mucosal immunity.
- Serum Immunoglobulin D Level [CMO:0002097] — The amount in a specified sample of serum of one or more types of immunoglobulin D (IgD), one of the five classes of antibodies produced by the body. IgD is found in small amounts in serum, and although its precise function is not known, IgD increases in quantity during allergic reactions to milk, insulin, penicillin, and various toxins.
- Serum Immunoglobulin E Level [CMO:0002101] — The amount in a specified sample of serum of one or more types of immunoglobulin E (IgE), one of the five classes of antibodies produced by the body which is concentrated in the lungs, skin, and mucous membranes and, as a primary defense against environmental antigens, can trigger anaphylactic hypersensitivity.
- Serum Immunoglobulin G Level [CMO:0002102] — The amount in a specified sample of serum of one or more types of immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant class of antibodies found in blood serum and lymph. IgG antibodies are active against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and foreign particles, and trigger action of the complement system.
- Serum Immunoglobulin G Subclass Level [CMO:0002114] — The amount in a specified sample of serum of one of the subclasses of immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant class of antibodies found in blood serum and lymph. IgG antibodies are active against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and foreign particles, and trigger action of the complement system. IgG subclasses differ in the structure of their hinge regions.
- Serum Immunoglobulin G-type Rheumatoid Factor Level [CMO:0002610] — The amount in a specified sample of serum of rheumatoid factor that is expressed as an immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an autoantibody against the Fc portion of IgG found in rheumatoid arthritis and some other autoimmune diseases. RF and IgG join to form immune complexes that contribute to the disease process.
- Serum Immunoglobulin G-type Rheumatoid Factor Level Relative to An Arbitrary Reference Serum [CMO:0002112] — A calculated measurement of the amount in a specified sample of serum of rheumatoid factor that is expressed as an immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule in which the level of antibody is normalized to an arbitrary reference value or reference standard. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an autoantibody against the Fc portion of IgG found in rheumatoid arthritis and some other autoimmune diseases. RF and IgG join to form immune complexes that contribute to the disease process.
- Serum Immunoglobulin G-type Rheumatoid Factor Titer [CMO:0002611] — The level of rheumatoid factor that is expressed as an immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule in a specified sample of serum, expressed as the last dilution of plasma at which a positive result could be obtained.
- Serum Immunoglobulin G1 Level [CMO:0002115] — The amount in a specified sample of serum of the G1 subclass of immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant class of antibodies found in blood serum and lymph. IgG antibodies are active against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and foreign particles, and trigger action of the complement system. IgG subclasses differ in the structure of their hinge regions. IgG1 is the most abundant subclass in serum, and is able to activate complement and bind to the Fc receptor on phagocytic cells.
- Serum Immunoglobulin G2a Level [CMO:0002116] — The amount in a specified sample of serum of the G2a subclass of immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant class of antibodies found in blood serum and lymph. IgG antibodies are active against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and foreign particles, and trigger action of the complement system. IgG subclasses differ in the structure of their hinge regions. IgG2a is able to activate complement and bind to the Fc receptor on phagocytic cells.
- Serum Immunoglobulin M Level [CMO:0002104] — The amount in a specified sample of serum of one or more types of immunoglobulin M (IgM), one of the five classes of antibodies produced by the body. IgM is found in circulating body fluids and is the first class of antibodies to appear in response to an initial exposure to an antigen.
- Serum Immunoglobulin M-type Rheumatoid Factor Level [CMO:0002609] — The amount in a specified sample of serum of rheumatoid factor that is expressed as an immunoglobulin M (IgM) molecule. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an autoantibody against the Fc portion of IgG found in rheumatoid arthritis and some other autoimmune diseases. RF and IgG join to form immune complexes that contribute to the disease process.
- Serum Immunoglobulin M-type Rheumatoid Factor Level Relative to An Arbitrary Reference Serum [CMO:0002111] — A calculated measurement of the amount in a specified sample of serum of rheumatoid factor that is expressed as an immunoglobulin M (IgM) molecule in which the level of antibody is normalized to an arbitrary reference value or reference standard. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an autoantibody against the Fc portion of IgG found in rheumatoid arthritis and some other autoimmune diseases. RF and IgG join to form immune complexes that contribute to the disease process.
- Serum Immunoglobulin M-type Rheumatoid Factor Titer [CMO:0002612] — The amount of rheumatoid factor that is expressed as an immunoglobulin M (IgM) molecule in a specified sample of serum, expressed as the last dilution of plasma at which a positive result could be obtained.
- Serum Immunoglobulin Measurement [CMO:0001276] — Any measurement related to immunoglobulin, any of several classes of proteins produced by plasma cells and lymphocytes which play essential roles in the immune system, for example, attaching to foreign substances in an effort to destroy them, in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Insulin Level [CMO:0000358] — The amount of insulin, the fuel-regulating peptide hormone which is formed from proinsulin in the beta cells of the pancreatic islets and which promotes the storage of glucose and the uptake of amino acids, increases protein and lipid synthesis, and inhibits lipolysis and gluconeogenesis, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Insulin Level Area Under Curve (AUC) [CMO:0003885] — A calculated value in which a series of measurements of the amount of insulin in a specified volume of serum is plotted against time and the extent of the two dimensional region bounded by the curve and the axes of the graph is determined.
- Serum Insulin Level Times Blood Glucose Level [CMO:0002040] — A calculated measurement in which the value for the amount of insulin in a specified sample of serum is multiplied by the value for the level of glucose in a corresponding sample of blood from the same individual at the same point in time and/or under the same conditions.
- Serum Insulin Level to Serum Glucose Level Ratio [CMO:0002724] — A calculated measurement in which the value for the amount of insulin in a specified sample of serum is divided by the value for the level of glucose in the same sample of serum, and the result is presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Level [CMO:0001298] — The amount of insulin-like growth factor 1, a basic peptide with growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic activities which is largely dependent on growth hormone, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 Level [CMO:0001300] — The amount of insulin-like growth factor 1, a neutral peptide with growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic activities which is largely dependent on somatotropin, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Interleukin-4 Level [CMO:0003066] —
- Serum Interleukin-6 Level [CMO:0001928] — Measurement of the amount of interleukin-6 (IL6) in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. IL6 is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory and an anti-inflammatory cytokine with functions in inflammation and the maturation of B cells.
- Serum Interleukin-9 Level [CMO:0003068] —
- Serum Intermediate Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level [CMO:0001564] — Measurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) molecules in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. IDL are relatively large lipoprotein particles (complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids) formed by degredation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles and thus having a size intermediate between those of VLDL and low density lipoproteins. The IDL class of lipoproteins is defined as having a density between 1.006 and 1.019 g/ml.
- Serum Intermediate Density Lipoprotein Phospholipid Level [CMO:0001576] — Measurement of the amount of phospholipid, any of various phosphorus-containing lipids that are composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule such as glycerol, carried in intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) molecules in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. IDL are relatively large lipoprotein particles (complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids) formed by degredation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles and thus having a size intermediate between those of VLDL and low density lipoproteins. The IDL class of lipoproteins is defined as having a density between 1.006 and 1.019 g/ml.
- Serum KIM-1/TIM-1/HAVCR1 [CMO:0003060] —
- Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Level [CMO:0000668] — The amount of ezymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a specified volume of serum. LDH is the enzyme which catalyses the reaction S)-lactate + NAD(+) <=> pyruvate + NADH. Serum LDH level can be used as a marker for tissue damage.
- Serum Lactate Level [CMO:0001304] — The amount of lactate, a salt of lactic acid which is produced in the body by anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrate, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Leptin Level [CMO:0000780] —
- Serum Lipase Activity Level [CMO:0003754] — Any quantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by lipase in a specified sample of blood serum. Lipase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of lipids. It's normal to have a small amount of lipase in blood, but a high level of lipase can mean the subject has some type of pancreatic disease.
- Serum Lipid Level [CMO:0000545] —
- Serum Lipocalin 2 Level [CMO:0003056] — The amount of lipocalin 2 in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Lipocalin 2 belongs to the lipocalin family. Members of this family transport small hydrophobic molecules such as lipids, steroid hormones and retinoids.
- Serum Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level [CMO:0000362] — Measurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. LDL constitute a class of relatively large, heterogeneous lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. The LDL class of lipoproteins has a density between 1.019 and 1.063 g/ml. In some animal species, such as canine and rodents, this may overlap with the HDL1 class and be designated LDL/HDL1.
- Serum Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio [CMO:0003215] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of LDL, relatively large-particle lipoproteins that transport cholesterol to extrahepatic tissue,in a specified volume of serum is divided by the amount of HDL, small-particle lipoproteins that promote transport of cholesterol from extrahepatic tissue to the liver for excretion in the bile, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Serum Low Density Lipoprotein Phospholipid Level [CMO:0001570] — Measurement of the amount of phospholipid, any of various phosphorus-containing lipids that are composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule such as glycerol, carried in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. LDL constitute a class of relatively large, heterogeneous lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. The LDL class of lipoproteins has a density between 1.019 and 1.063 g/ml. In some animal species, such as canine and rodents, this may overlap with the HDL1 class and be designated LDL/HDL1.
- Serum Lutenizing Hormone Level [CMO:0003033] —
- Serum Magnesium Level [CMO:0000541] —
- Serum Malondialdehyde Level [CMO:0002449] — The amount of malondialdehyde in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Malondialdehyde is an organic compound with the formula CH2(CHO)2. It is a reactive species which occurs naturally, is generally found in the enol form (HOCH=CH-CHO), and is a marker for oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde is the substrate for the TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) assay of lipid peroxidation.
- Serum Murinoglobulin 1 Level [CMO:0001930] — Measurement of the amount of murinoglobulin 1 (MUG1) in serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. MUG1 is a putative protease inhibitor related to alpha-2-macroglobulin and involved in the acute phase inflammatory response.
- Serum NAG Activity Level [CMO:0003487] — The amount of enzymatic activity of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) in a specified sample of serum. N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG) is an intracellular lysosomal enzyme, present in the S3 segment of proximal tubular cells and distal nephron.
- Serum Non-high Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level [CMO:0003841] — This is a calculated measurement in which the value for high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in a specified sample of serum is subtracted from the value for total cholesterol in that same sample. HDL is the smallest of the major lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids
- Serum Norepinephrine Level [CMO:0001011] — The amount of norepinephrine, a catecholamine which can act as a neurotransmitter, a stress hormone and a vasoconstrictor, found in a specific volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Orosomucoid 1 Level [CMO:0001466] — The amount of the acute-phase reactant orosomucoid 1 (ORM1; alpha-1-acid glycoprotein), a member of the lipocalin protein family which is upregulated during inflammation, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Osteocalcin Level [CMO:0002824] —
- Serum Osteopontin Level [CMO:0003058] —
- Serum Oxidized Glutathione Level [CMO:0002435] — The amount of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. GSSG is a molecule produced when glutathione is used as a reducing agent in a biochemical reaction, and consists of a pair of glutathione molecules connected by a disulfide bridge between their cysteine residues.
- Serum Oxidized LDL Level [CMO:0003197] —
- Serum Parathyroid Hormone Level [CMO:0002963] —
- Serum Phosphate Level [CMO:0000542] — The amount of phosphorus, measured as inorganic phosphate, in a specified sample of serum.
- Serum Phosphate Level to Plasma Pyrophosphate Level Ratio [CMO:0003231] — This is a measure of inorganic phosphate in serum in plasma divided by the inorganic pyrophosphate from the same individual subject, presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Pyrophosphates are phosphorus oxyanions that contain two phosphorus atoms in a P-O-P linkage with the formula O7P2 and inorganic phosphorus is any phosphate not associated with carbon atoms.
- Serum Phospholipid Level [CMO:0001171] — Measurement of any of various phosphorus-containing lipids that are composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule found in a specific volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Phytosterol Level [CMO:0002052] — The amount of one or more phytosterols in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Phytosterols, which encompass both plant sterols and stanols, comprise a large group of steroid compounds similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.
- Serum Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Level [CMO:0003035] — A measurement of the amount of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. PAI-1 is a serine protease inhibitor protein that functions as the principal inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase (uPA), the activators of plasminogen and hence fibrinolysis (the physiological breakdown of blood clots).
- Serum Potassium Level [CMO:0000495] — Amount of potassium ions in a specified volume of serum.
- Serum ProANF 31-67 Peptide Level [CMO:0003508] — This is a measurement of the amount of proANF 31-67 (a.a 31-67 of the amino terminal of pro hormone ANP (Nppa)) in a specified volume of serum.
- Serum Progesterone Level [CMO:0000566] —
- Serum Prolactin Level [CMO:0001823] — The amount of prolactin found in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Prolactin is a peptide hormone which is secreted by the anterior pituitary and is involved in lactation, growth regulation for tissues including cells of the immune system, and possibly supression of apoptosis. A peptide hormone is a complex organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, and that is produced in one part or organ of the body and initiates or regulates the activity of an organ or a group of cells in another part of the body.
- Serum Pyruvate Level [CMO:0002423] — The amount of pyruvate in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Reduced Glutathione Level [CMO:0002439] — The amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) in a specified sample of serum. GSH is an antioxidant tripeptide with a gamma peptide linkage between the amine group of cysteine (which is attached by normal peptide linkage to a glycine) and the carboxyl group of the glutamate side-chain. In GSH (as opposed to the oxidized form, GSSG) the thiol group on the cysteine is in its reduced form, that is, it contains a hydrogen atom and does not form a disulfide bridge with a second glutathione molecule.
- Serum Renin Activity Level [CMO:0000590] — An estimation of the amount of renin in a specific volume of serum calculated from the rate of formation of angiotensin I or II.
- Serum Retinol Level [CMO:0002455] — The amount of retinol in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Retinol is a 20-carbon primary alcohol in any of several isomers that is the form of vitamin A found in mammals and that can be converted to the metabolically active forms retinal and retinoic acid.
- Serum Sodium Level [CMO:0000500] — The amount of sodium ions in a specified volume of serum.
- Serum Sorbital Dehydrogenase Activity [CMO:0003279] — Quantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by Sorbitol dehydrogenase in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Sorbitol dehydrogenase is an enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism converting sorbitol, the sugar alcohol form of glucose, into fructose
- Serum Sterol Level [CMO:0002049] — The amount of sterol, any of a group of steroids with a long (8 to 10 carbons) aliphatic side-chain at position 17 and at least one alcoholic group, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Superoxide Dismutase Activity Level [CMO:0002445] — The amount of ezymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. SOD is a metalloprotein enzyme that catalyses the conversion of highly reactive superoxide radicals (O2-) to the less toxic products hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and molecular oxygen (O2).
- Serum Testosterone Level [CMO:0000568] —
- Serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Level [CMO:0001248] — Measurement of the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone, a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates and regulates activity of the thyroid gland, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Thyroxine Level [CMO:0001290] — The amount of thyroxine, the major hormone derived from the thyroid gland which regulates cellular metabolism, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 1 Level [CMO:0003050] —
- Serum Total Bile Acid [CMO:0003026] — The amount of bile acid in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Bile acid is any member of a group of hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids concurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration.
- Serum Total Bilirubin Level [CMO:0000376] — The complete or entire amount of bilirubin in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Bilirubin is the bile pigment produced by breakdown of heme and reduction of biliverdin.
- Serum Total Cholesterol Level [CMO:0000363] — Measurement of the entire amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, without taking into account any association with other molecules such as lipoproteins, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Total Protein Level [CMO:0000661] — Measurement of the total amount of all proteins, the complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, found in a specific volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Triglyceride Level [CMO:0000360] — The amount of triglycerides in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Triglycerides are any of a group of lipids that are esters formed from one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of one or more fatty acids, are widespread in adipose tissue, and commonly circulate in the blood in the form of lipoproteins.
- Serum Triiodothyronine Level [CMO:0001293] — The amount of triiodothyronine, a hormone synthesized and secreted by the thyroid which constitutes the main thyroid hormone used by the tissues, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Troponin T Level [CMO:0001285] — The amount of troponin T, one subunit of a complex of three regulatory proteins required for skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Type I Collagen C-terminal Telopeptide Level [CMO:0002820] — The amount of type I collagen C-terminal telopeptide in a specified volume of serum. The C-terminal telopeptide can be used as a biomarker in the serum to measure the rate of bone turnover.
- Serum Tyrosinase Activity Level [CMO:0002530] — Quantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by tyrosinase (Tyr) in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Tyr is a copper-containing enzyme of plant and animal tissues that catalyzes the production of melanin and other pigments from tyrosine by oxidation. Tyr is the rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin.
- Serum Urea Level [CMO:0003877] — This is the level of urea in blood serum, i.e. blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed. This value can be determined by converting urea nitrogen to urea concentration by multiplying urea nitrogen concentration by 60/28 or 2.14. Urea is the chief nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism in whole blood. Urea is formed in the liver from amino acids and from ammonia compounds and can be found in urine, blood, and lymph.
- Serum Urea Nitrogen Level [CMO:0000587] — The level of urea in terms of nitrogen content found in a specific volume of serum, i.e. blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed. The urea nitrogen level is converted to urea concentration by multiplying by 60/28 or 2.14. Urea is the chief nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism in whole blood.Urea is formed in the liver from amino acids and from ammonia compounds and is found in urine, blood, and lymph.
- Serum Uric Acid Level [CMO:0002041] — The amount of uric acid, a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen,the end product of purine catabolism, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
- Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Level [CMO:0003052] —
- Serum Vasopressin Level [CMO:0002906] —
- Serum Very Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level [CMO:0000650] — Measurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) molecules in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. VLDL constitute a class of large (e.g. approximately 30-80 nm in diameter) lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. The VLDL class of lipoproteins has a density between 0.95 and 1.006 g/ml.
- Serum Very Low Density Lipoprotein Phospholipid Level [CMO:0001573] — Measurement of the amount of phospholipid, any of various phosphorus-containing lipids that are composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule such as glycerol, carried in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) molecules in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. VLDL constitute a class of large (e.g. approximately 30-80 nm in diameter) lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. The VLDL class of lipoproteins has a density between 0.95 and 1.006 g/ml.
- Single Adrenal Gland Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0000145] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of one individual adrenal gland is divided by the total weight of the body and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Single Adrenal Gland Wet Weight [CMO:0000163] — Weight of one individual adrenal gland after removal from the body but without desiccation.
- Single Adrenal Gland Wet Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0002412] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of one individual adrenal gland after removal from the budy but without dessication is divided by the total weight of the body and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Single Ear Average of Tympanic Cavity Epithelium Thickness [CMO:0002672] — The average of a set of epithelium thickness measurements which were all taken from a single ear of a single experimental subject.
- Single Feeding Food Intake Volume [CMO:0000465] — Volume of food consumed in a single feeding episode.
- Single Feeding Food Intake Weight [CMO:0000466] — Weight of food consumed in a single feeding episode.
- Single Inguinal Fat Pad Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0001638] — A calculated value in which the weight of one of the inguinal fat pads, that is, the accumulations of encapsulated adipose tissue located in the junctional region between the abdomen and thigh, is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Single Kidney Dry Weight [CMO:0001426] — The weight after desiccation of a single kidney, one of the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.
- Single Kidney Weight to Tibia Length Ratio [CMO:0003145] —
- Single Kidney Wet Weight [CMO:0000084] — The weight of a single kidney, the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, after removal from the body but without desiccation.
- Single Kidney Wet Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0000622] — A calculated measurement in which the weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of a single kidney, one of the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, percentage, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to body weight.
- Single Lung Dry Weight [CMO:0000104] — The weight, after desiccation, of one individual lung, the organ component of the respiratory system responsible for the exchange of gases between the environment and the blood.
- Single Lung Wet Weight [CMO:0000632] — The weight, after removal from the body but without desiccation, of one individual lung, the organ component of the respiratory system responsible for the exchange of gases between the environment and the blood.
- Single Nephron Filtration Fraction [CMO:0002946] — A calculated measurement to determine the ratio of the single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) to the renal plasma flow (RPF). Single nephron filtration Fraction, SNFF = SNGFR/RPF. The single nephron filtration fraction, therefore, represents the proportion of the fluid reaching the kidneys which passes into the renal tubules from a single nephron.
- Single Nephron Glomerular Filtration Rate [CMO:0002945] —
- Single Ovary Dry Weight [CMO:0002493] — The weight after removal from the body and subsequent dessication, of only one of the pair of female sexual glands in which the oocytes are formed.
- Single Ovary Weight [CMO:0000406] — The weight of only one of the pair of female sexual glands in which the oocytes are formed.
- Single Ovary Wet Weight [CMO:0002486] — The weight after removal from the body but without dessication of only one of the pair of female sexual glands in which the oocytes are formed.
- Single Pancreatic Islet Area [CMO:0001055] — A measurement of the extent of a two-dimensional surface of or plane through a single pancreatic islet, one of the irregular microscopic structures scattered throughout the pancreas and comprising its endocrine portion.
- Single Testis Dry Weight [CMO:0000174] — This is the weight of one testis after desiccation. Testes are the paired, egg-shaped glands normally situated in the scrotum, in which the spermatozoa develop
- Single Testis Volume [CMO:0001329] — The volume of a single testis, one of the paired egg-shaped glands normally situated in the scrotum, in which the spermatozoa develop.
- Single Testis Wet Weight [CMO:0000176] — The weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of a single testicle, one of the paired egg-shaped glands normally situated in the scrotum, in which the spermatozoa develop.
- Single Testis Wet Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0000900] — A calculated measurement in which the wet weight of one of the testes, the paired egg-shaped glands normally situated in the scrotum, in which the spermatozoa develop, is divided by the total body weight of the organism and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Sinoatrial Node Ribonucleic Acid Level [CMO:0003985] — This is a measurement of the amount of ribonucleic acid (RNA), the molecule composed of the sugar ribose, phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or uracil, extracted from or contained in the sinoatrial node of the heart right atrium, the upper chamber of the right side of the heart, which receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cavae and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. The sinoatrial node is located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium.
- Size of Newly Born Offspring [CMO:0000393] —
- Skeletal Muscle Fiber Density [CMO:0002511] — A calculated measurement of the average number of skeletal muscle fibers in a cross-section of muscle divided by the corresponding area of that muscle sample.
- Skeletal Muscle Fiber Morphological Measurement [CMO:0002534] — Any measurementof the physical form or structure of a skeletal muscle fiber, a cylindrical multinucleate cell of skeletal muscle tissue containing contracting myofibrils and across which run transverse striations.
- Skeletal Muscle Length [CMO:0002513] — The distance between the two ends, that is, the extent of the longest dimension of all or part of a skeletal muscle, one of the striated muscles attached to bones.
- Skeletal Muscle Molecular Composition Measurement [CMO:0003194] —
- Skeletal Muscle Morphological Measurement [CMO:0001147] — Any measurement of the physical form or structure of skeletal muscles, the striated muscles attached to bones.
- Skeletal Muscle of Trunk Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003294] —
- Skeletal Muscle Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003251] —
- Skeletal Muscle Triglyceride Level [CMO:0003195] —
- Skeletal Muscle Weight [CMO:0001148] — The weight of all or part of a skeletal muscle, one of the striated muscles attached to bones.
- Skeletal System Measurement [CMO:0001159] — Any measurement, morphological or physiological, of all or part of the skeletal system, the body's framework of bones which give support and shape to the body, protect delicate internal organs, provide sites of attachment for muscles to make motion possible, manufacture blood cells and store minerals.
- Skeleton Morphological Measurement [CMO:0000437] — Measurement of the physical form or structure of the bony framework of the body or a portion of this framework.
- Skin Chloride Level [CMO:0002765] — Quantification of the amount of chloride ions, that is, univalent anionic chlorine ions, in a specified sample of skin.
- Skin Chloride Level to Skin Dry Weight Ratio [CMO:0002770] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of chloride atoms or ions in a specified sample of skin is divided by the dry weight of that skin sample and the result is presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Skin Chloride Level to Skin Water Level Ratio [CMO:0002775] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of chloride in a specified sample of skin is divided by the amount of water in the same sample of skin and the result is presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Skin Electrolyte Measurement [CMO:0002762] — A quantification of one or more electrolytes in the skin. An electrolyte is an element or compound that, when melted or dissolved in a solvent, dissociates into ions and is able to conduct an electric current.
- Skin Fold Thickness [CMO:0000246] — This measurement is made on the layer of skin and subcutaneous fat raised by pinching the skin and letting the underlying muscle fall back to the bone. It is often used to estimate percentage of body fat.
- Skin Fold Thickness, Bicep [CMO:0000247] — Measurement made on the layer of skin and subcutaneous fat raised by pinching the skin and letting the underlying muscle fall back to the bone in the region of the biceps muscle, commonly the upper arm in humans.
- Skin Fold Thickness, Subscapular [CMO:0000249] — Measurement made on the layer of skin and subcutaneous fat raised by pinching the skin and letting the underlying muscle fall back to the bone in the region just below the scapula.
- Skin Fold Thickness, Suprailiac [CMO:0000250] — Measurement is made on the layer of skin and subcutaneous fat raised by pinching the skin and letting the underlying muscle fall back to the bone in the area at the midaxillary line directly above the iliac crest.
- Skin Fold Thickness, Tricep [CMO:0000248] — Measurement of a fold of skin and subcutaneous fat taken at a point running parallel to the length of the upper limb over the triceps muscle midway between the acromion and olecranon.
- Skin Measurement [CMO:0001367] — Any measurement of the tough, supple cutaneous membrane that covers the surface of the body.
- Skin Molecular Composition Measurement [CMO:0002761] — Any quantitation of the molecules, atoms and/or ions which constitute the chemical make-up of the skin, the tough, supple cutaneous membrane that covers the surface of the body.
- Skin Morphological Measurement [CMO:0001368] — Any measurement of the physical form or structure of the tough, supple cutaneous membrane that covers the surface of the body.
- Skin Potassium Level [CMO:0002763] — Quantification of the amount of potassium atoms or ions in a specified sample of skin.
- Skin Potassium Level Plus Skin Sodium Level to Skin Water Level Ratio [CMO:0002772] — A calculated measurement in which the sum of the amount of potassium in a specified sample of skin and the amount of sodium in that sample of skin is divided by the amount of water in the same sample of skin.
- Skin Potassium Level to Skin Dry Weight Ratio [CMO:0002768] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of potassium atoms or ions in a specified sample of skin is divided by the dry weight of that skin sample and the result is presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Skin Potassium Level to Skin Water Level Ratio [CMO:0002773] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of potassium in a specified sample of skin is divided by the amount of water in the same sample of skin and the result is presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Skin Ribonucleic Acid Level [CMO:0003255] —
- Skin Sodium Level [CMO:0002764] — Quantification of the amount of sodium atoms or ions in a specified sample of skin.
- Skin Sodium Level to Skin Dry Weight Ratio [CMO:0002769] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of sodium atoms or ions in a specified sample of skin is divided by the dry weight of that skin sample and the result is presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Skin Sodium Level to Skin Water Level Ratio [CMO:0002774] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of sodium in a specified sample of skin is divided by the amount of water in the same sample of skin and the result is presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Skin Water Level [CMO:0002766] — Quantification of the amount of water in a specified sample of skin.
- Skin Water Level to Skin Dry Weight Ratio [CMO:0002771] — A calculated measurement in which the amount of water in a specified sample of skin is divided by the dry weight of that skin sample and the result is presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Skull Volume [CMO:0000184] — Total volume or capacity of the bony or cartilaginous framework of the head.
- Slope Measurement of Chemical-induced Contraction [CMO:0000734] —
- Slope of Contraction-induced Renal Vascular Resistance Curve [CMO:0001901] — A calculated measurement of the slope, the ratio of vertical change to horizontal change, of the line of a graph designating the change in renal vascular resistance in response to a drug or other condition which causes constriction or reduction of the interior diameter of blood vessels. Renal vascular resistance is the degree to which the blood vessels of the kidneys impede the flow of blood through them. Blood vessels are the network of muscular tubes that carry blood throughout the body. Blood is the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. Kidney is the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.
- Slow-slope Measurement of Chemical-induced Contraction [CMO:0000736] —
- Small Intestine Length [CMO:0001224] — A measurement of the small intestine, the proximal portion of the intestine extending from the pylorus of the stomach to the cecum and comprising the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
- Small Intestine Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003262] —
- Small Intestine Weight [CMO:0000470] — Weight of the proximal end of the intestine extending from the pyloric valve to the cecum.
- Small Liver Metastatic Tumorous Lesion Diameter Measurement [CMO:0003777] — The distance (< 1 mm) between two specified opposite points on the periphery of a micrometastatic tumorous lesion found on or in the liver. A micrometastatic tumorous lesion is one that is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells.
- Smooth Muscle Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003260] —
- Sodium Nitroprusside Response/sensitivity Measurement [CMO:0000740] — Measurement of an organism's, organ's, tissue's or cell's capacity to respond, such as by a change in activity, state or condition, to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the red-colored inorganic salt with the formula Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]-2H2O used as a potent vasodilator.
- Sodium Nitroprusside-induced Blood Vessel Dilation Expressed as Percent Reduction of the Force Generated in A Pre-constricted Blood Vessel [CMO:0000732] — This is a measure of the relaxation caused by the addition of sodium nitroprusside to a pre-constricted blood vessel. It is the ratio of the amount of dilation compared to a fully dilated blood vessel.
- Soleus Muscle Weight [CMO:0003591] — The weight of all or part of a soleus muscle, a deep muscle of the triceps surae group, in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg.
- Soleus Muscle Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0003592] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of the soleus muscle is divided by the total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thereby normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Sperm Count [CMO:0000327] — The number of mature male germ cells, sperm, in a specified volume of semen.
- Sperm Count to Epididymis Weight Ratio [CMO:0001609] — A calculated measurement in which the number of sperm, i.e. mature male germ cells, in a specified sample of semen, is divided by the weight, i.e., the heaviness, of the epididymis, the coiled, elongated, cordlike structure located along the posterior border of the testis which provides for storage, transit, and maturation of spermatozoa. The result of this division is presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing sperm count to the size of the epididymis and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Sperm Measurement [CMO:0000640] — Any measurement of a mature male gamete or germ cell that consists of a cylindrical nucleated cell with a short neck and a thin motile tail, contains genetic information to be transmitted by the male, exhibits autokinesia, and is able to effect zygosis with an ovum.
- Spinal Column Length [CMO:0000439] — Distance from first vertebra to last vertebra making up the spinal column.
- Spinal Cord Beta-2 Microglobulin MRNA Level [CMO:0002125] — The amount in a specified sample of spinal cord of the messenger RNA (mRNA) which codes for beta-2 microglobulin (B2m). B2m is found in association with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain on the surface of most cells and has a predominantly beta-pleated sheet structure that can form amyloid fibrils in some pathological conditions.
- Spinal Cord Beta-2 Microglobulin Protein Level [CMO:0002129] — The amount in a specified sample of spinal cord of the beta-2 microglobulin (B2m) protein. B2m is found in association with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain on the surface of most cells and has a predominantly beta-pleated sheet structure that can form amyloid fibrils in some pathological conditions.
- Spinal Cord Cd74 MRNA Level [CMO:0002127] — The amount in a specified sample of spinal cord of the messenger RNA (mRNA) which codes for Cd74, a cell surface protein which associates with class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and is an important chaperone that regulates antigen presentation for the immune response. Cd74 also serves as the cell surface receptor for the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) for initiation of survival pathways and cell proliferation.
- Spinal Cord Cd74 Protein Level [CMO:0002131] — The amount in a specified sample of spinal cord of Cd74, a cell surface protein which associates with class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and is an important chaperone that regulates antigen presentation for the immune response. Cd74 also serves as the cell surface receptor for the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) for initiation of survival pathways and cell proliferation.
- Spinal Cord Cellular Composition Measurement [CMO:0002726] — Any quantitation of the cells and/or cell types which constitute the make-up of the spinal cord.
- Spinal Cord Complement Component 1, Q Subcomponent, B Chain MRNA Level [CMO:0002126] — The amount in a specified sample of spinal cord of the messenger RNA (mRNA) which codes for the B chain of the q subcomponent of complement component 1 (C1qb), a major constituent of the human complement subcomponent C1q. C1q associates with C1r and C1s in order to yield the first component of the serum complement system.
- Spinal Cord Complement Component 1, Q Subcomponent, B Chain Protein Level [CMO:0002130] — The amount in a specified sample of spinal cord of the B chain of the q subcomponent of complement component 1 (C1qb) protein, a major constituent of the human complement subcomponent C1q. C1q associates with C1r and C1s in order to yield the first component of the serum complement system.
- Spinal Cord Measurement [CMO:0001975] — Any quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of the spinal cord, the thick, whitish cord of nerve tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata down through the spinal column and from which the spinal nerves branch off to various parts of the body.
- Spinal Cord MHC Class II Protein Measurement [CMO:0001982] — Any quantification of one or more of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules of the spinal cord. MHC class II is a group of proteins that are involved in antigen presentation and self recognition, and have been implicated in allograft rejection and autoimmunity.
- Spinal Cord Molecular Composition Measurement [CMO:0001981] — Any quantitation of the molecules, atoms and/or ions which constitute the chemical make-up of the spinal cord. A molecule is an aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical combination of two or more atoms forming a specific chemical substance.
- Spinal Cord Morphological Measurement [CMO:0001976] — Any measurement of the physical form or structure of the spinal cord, the thick, whitish cord of nerve tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata down through the spinal column and from which the spinal nerves branch off to various parts of the body.
- Spinal Cord MRNA Composition Measurement [CMO:0002124] — Any quantitation of the messenger RNAs which contribute to the chemical make-up of the spinal cord. Messenger RNAs are the high molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds, that transfer the coding information for protein synthesis from the chromosomes to the ribosomes.
- Spinal Cord Protein/peptide Composition Measurement [CMO:0002123] — Any quantitation of the proteins and/or peptides which contribute to the chemical make-up of the spinal cord. A protein is any of a group of complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages. A peptide is a low molecular weight compound composed of at least two amino acids joined by peptide linkages.
- Spinal Cord Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003295] —
- Spinal Cord RT1-B MRNA Level [CMO:0002128] — The amount in a specified sample of spinal cord of the messenger RNA (mRNA) which codes for RT1-B, a major histocompatibility complex class II antigen involved in antigen processing and presentation.
- Spinal Cord RT1-B Protein Level [CMO:0002132] — The amount in a specified sample of spinal cord of RT1-B, a major histocompatibility complex class II antigen involved in antigen processing and presentation.
- Spinal Cord Ventral Horn Area [CMO:0001978] — A measurement of the two-dimensional extent of a plane through the spinal cord ventral horn, one of the hornlike projections of gray matter into the white matter of the spinal cord. The anterior horn contains efferent fibers innervating skeletal muscle tissue.
- Spinal Cord Ventral Horn CD3-positive Cell Count [CMO:0002729] — The number of cells in the spinal cord ventral/anterior horn which express the CD3 antigen on the cell surface.
- Spinal Cord Ventral Horn Cellular Composition Measurement [CMO:0002727] — Any quantitation of the cells and/or cell types which constitute the make-up of the spinal cord ventral horn, either of the horn-like projections of gray matter into the white matter of the spinal cord. The anterior/ventral horn contains efferent fibers innervating skeletal muscle tissue.
- Spinal Cord Ventral Horn Morphological Measurement [CMO:0001977] — Any measurement of the physical form or structure of the spinal cord ventral horn, one of the hornlike projections of gray matter into the white matter of the spinal cord. The anterior horn contains efferent fibers innervating skeletal muscle tissue.
- Spleen Cell Count [CMO:0002117] —
- Spleen Dry Weight [CMO:0000172] — The weight of the spleen after desiccation. The spleen is the highly vascular lymphoid organ which serves to store blood, disintegrate old blood cells, filter foreign substances from the blood, and to produce lymphocytes.
- Spleen Fibrosis Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0002274] — A measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population that display fibrosis of the spleen, that is, an abnormal condition in which fibrous connective tissue spreads over or replaces the normal tissue in the spleen, at a point in time or develop splenic fibrosis within a determined period of time, are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio.
- Spleen Measurement [CMO:0001848] — The quantification of any morphological or physiological parameter of the spleen, the highly vascular lymphoid organ which serves to store blood, disintegrate old blood cells, filter foreign substances from the blood, and produce lymphocytes.
- Spleen Mononuclear Cell Count [CMO:0002120] — Determination of the number of mononuclear cells, i.e. leukocytes such as lymphocytes and monocytes with a single round or oval nucleus found in a specified sample of spleen, the highly vascular lymphoid organ which serves to store blood, disintegrate old blood cells, filter foreign substances from the blood, and produce lymphocytes.
- Spleen Morphological Measurement [CMO:0000146] — Measurement of the physical form or structure of the spleen, the highly vascular lymphoid organ which serves to store blood, disintegrate old blood cells, filter foreign substances from the blood, and to produce lymphocytes.
- Spleen Non-tumorous Lesion Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0002256] — A measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population that display one or more non-tumorous lesion(s) of the spleen at a point in time or develop such lesions within a determined period of time are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio.
- Spleen Regulatory T Cell Count to Total T Cell Count Ratio [CMO:0003167] —
- Spleen Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0002800] — Any measurement of the absolute or relative amount(s) of one or more of the ribonucleic acids (RNAs) of which the tissue of the spleen is formed or composed.
- Spleen Weight [CMO:0000147] — The weight of the spleen, that is, its heaviness or degree to which it is drawn toward the earth by gravity. The spleen is the highly vascular lymphoid organ which serves to store blood, disintegrate old blood cells, filter foreign substances from the blood, and to produce lymphocytes.
- Spleen Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0000149] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of the spleen is divided by the total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Spleen Wet Weight [CMO:0000171] — The weight of the spleen after removal from the body but without desiccation. The spleen is the highly vascular lymphoid organ which serves to store blood, disintegrate old blood cells, filter foreign substances from the blood, and to produce lymphocytes.
- Spleen Wet Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0002409] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of the spleen after removal from the body but without dessication is divided by the total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Splenic Region Pancreatic Beta Cell Weight Calculated as the Product of Pancreas Splenic Region Weight and Corresponding Beta Cell Fractional Area [CMO:0001821] — A calculated measurement in which the weight, that is, the heaviness or the force with which a body is drawn toward earth by gravity, of the beta cells in the tail region of the pancreas is derived by multiplying the weight of the entire tail region of the pancreas by this fraction: [average cross-sectional area of pancreatic islet beta cells in the tail region divided by average cross-sectional area of the tail region of the pancreas]. The tail region of the pancreas is the portion of the pancreas which lies furthest from the major pancreatic duct and closest to the spleen, the highly vascular lymphoid organ which serves to store blood, disintegrate old blood cells, filter foreign substances from the blood, and produce lymphocytes. The pancreas is the elongated, racemose gland containing both endocrine and exocrine elements which secretes hormones such as insulin and glucagon internally and digestive enzymes externally. A pancreatic islet is a small encapsulated region of the pancreas containing endocrine (i.e., hormone-producing) cells. An islet beta cell is a membrane-enclosed protoplasmic mass constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, which is found in a pancreatic islet and produces the hormones insulin and amylin. Area is the value representing the size of the two-dimensional extent of an object.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Measurement [CMO:0001872] — Any value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter related to tumors arising in the lip, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and/or larynx, from the uncontrolled multiplication of cells of the epithelium, or of cells showing the particular cytological characteristics of squamous cell differentiation, such as the presence of keratin, tonofilament bundles, or desmosomes, structures involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Tumor Number [CMO:0001876] — A value or quantity determined by count of tumors arising in the lip, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and/or larynx, from the uncontrolled multiplication of cells of the epithelium, or of cells showing the particular cytological characteristics of squamous cell differentiation, such as the presence of keratin, tonofilament bundles, or desmosomes, structures involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity Measurement [CMO:0002006] — Any value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter related to tumors arising in the oral cavity, i.e. the mouth, from the uncontrolled multiplication of cells of the epithelium, or of cells showing the particular cytological characteristics of squamous cell differentiation, such as the presence of keratin, tonofilament bundles, or desmosomes, structures involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity Tumor Number [CMO:0002007] — A value or quantity determined by count of tumors arising in the mouth from the uncontrolled multiplication of cells of the epithelium, or of cells showing the particular cytological characteristics of squamous cell differentiation, such as the presence of keratin, tonofilament bundles, or desmosomes, structures involved in cell-to-cell adhesion.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue Maximum Tumor Diameter [CMO:0001875] — The largest value in a collection in which each value corresponds to the length of a straight line passing through the center and connecting opposite points on the circumference of a circle circumscribing a single squamous cell tumor of the tongue. A squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is a tumor arising in the tongue from the uncontrolled multiplication of cells of the epithelium, or of cells showing the particular cytological characteristics of squamous cell differentiation, such as the presence of keratin, tonofilament bundles, or desmosomes, structures involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function. The tongue is the movable muscular organ on the floor of the mouth; it is the chief organ of taste, and aids in mastication, swallowing, and speech.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue Measurement [CMO:0001873] — Any value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter related to tumors arising in the tongue from the uncontrolled multiplication of cells of the epithelium, or of cells showing the particular cytological characteristics of squamous cell differentiation, such as the presence of keratin, tonofilament bundles, or desmosomes, structures involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function. The tongue is the movable muscular organ on the floor of the mouth; it is the chief organ of taste, and aids in mastication, swallowing, and speech.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue Tumor Diameter [CMO:0001874] — The length of a straight line passing through the center and connecting opposite points on the circumference of a circle circumscribing a single tumor or an area occupied by tumors arising in the tongue from the uncontrolled multiplication of cells of the epithelium, or of cells showing the particular cytological characteristics of squamous cell differentiation, such as the presence of keratin, tonofilament bundles, or desmosomes, structures involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function. The tongue is the movable muscular organ on the floor of the mouth; it is the chief organ of taste, and aids in mastication, swallowing, and speech.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue Tumor Number [CMO:0001878] — A value or quantity determined by count of tumors arising in the tongue from the uncontrolled multiplication of cells of the epithelium, or of cells showing the particular cytological characteristics of squamous cell differentiation, such as the presence of keratin, tonofilament bundles, or desmosomes, structures involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function. The tongue is the movable muscular organ on the floor of the mouth; it is the chief organ of taste, and aids in mastication, swallowing, and speech.
- ST Amplitude [CMO:0000274] —
- ST Interval [CMO:0000234] — The time between the J point ( the point at which the QRS complex finishes and the ST segment begins) to the end of the T wave.
- ST Slope [CMO:0000275] —
- ST Wave Displacement [CMO:0000276] —
- Stillborn Offspring Number [CMO:0001375] — Number of offspring per litter that are dead at parturition.
- Stimulated Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity to Basal Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity Ratio [CMO:0001786] — A calculated measurement in which the recordable electrical energy of a renal sympathetic nerve assessed after the application of an agent or activity designed to excite or increase the activity of is divided by the activity of such a nerve assessed without outside influences and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. A renal sympathetic nerve is a nerve (a cordlike structure that conveys impulses between the central nervous system and one or more parts of the body, and that consists of an outer connective tissue sheath surrounding a bundle of conductive fibers) of the autonomic nervous system that regulates involuntary and automatic reactions, especially to stress, associated with and controlling activity of the kidneys.
- Stomach Lesion Measurement [CMO:0001884] — Measurement of any lesion in the stomach. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. The stomach is the curved, muscular, saclike structure that is an enlargement of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and the small intestine, and that temporarily holds food and secretes proteases and strong acids to aid in food digestion.
- Stomach Measurement [CMO:0001883] — Any value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of the stomach, the curved, muscular, saclike structure that is an enlargement of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and the small intestine and that temporarily holds food and secretes proteases and strong acids to aid in food digestion.
- Stomach Non-tumorous Lesion Measurement [CMO:0001886] — Measurement of a stomach lesion which is not neoplastic in origin. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. Examples of non-tumorous lesions would include wounds, sores, ulcers, infarctions, etc. The stomach is the curved, muscular, saclike structure that is an enlargement of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and the small intestine, and that temporarily holds food and secretes proteases and strong acids to aid in food digestion.
- Stomach Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003261] —
- Stomach Tumor Depth of Invasion [CMO:0001888] — Measurement of the distance a stomach tumor has penetrated into or through the adjoining tissue. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function. The stomach is the curved, muscular, saclike structure that is an enlargement of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and the small intestine, and that temporarily holds food and secretes proteases and strong acids to aid in food digestion.
- Stomach Tumor Diameter [CMO:0001889] — The length of a straight line passing through the center and connecting opposite points on the circumference of a circle circumscribing a single tumor or an area occupied by tumors of the stomach. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function. The stomach is the curved, muscular, saclike structure that is an enlargement of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and the small intestine, and that temporarily holds food and secretes proteases and strong acids to aid in food digestion.
- Stomach Tumor Histology Grade [CMO:0002396] — A measurement of degree of abnormality of a stomach tumor based on histological assessment of the differentiation state of the cells comprising the tumor. The grade is derived from a one or more measurements matched against an objective or subjective ranking or rating system according to a specified formula or set of criteria.
- Stomach Tumor Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0002286] — A measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population displaying one or more tumors of the stomach (the curved, muscular, saclike structure that is an enlargement of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and the small intestine, and that temporarily holds food and secretes proteases and strong acids to aid in food digestion) at a point in time or developing stomach tumors within a determined period of time, are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio.
- Stomach Tumor Measurement [CMO:0001887] — Any value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of a stomach tumor. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function. The stomach is the curved, muscular, saclike structure that is an enlargement of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and the small intestine, and that temporarily holds food and secretes proteases and strong acids to aid in food digestion.
- Stomach Tumor Number [CMO:0001890] — A quantification of tumors on or in the stomach or a specified sample of stomach tissue, as determined by count. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function. The stomach is the curved, muscular, saclike structure that is an enlargement of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and the small intestine, and that temporarily holds food and secretes proteases and strong acids to aid in food digestion.
- Stomach Tumor Susceptibility Score [CMO:0002043] — A qualitative or semi-quatitative assessment of the likelihood of developing stomach tumors over time, based on the occurrence of such tumors in idividual subjects grouped by age.
- Stomach Tumorous Lesion Measurement [CMO:0001885] — Measurement of an organ lesion which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells. The stomach is the curved, muscular, saclike structure that is an enlargement of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and the small intestine, and that temporarily holds food and secretes proteases and strong acids to aid in food digestion.
- Stress-related Movement Measurement [CMO:0003087] — Any measurable or observable characteristic of actions or reactions related to how the body reacts to a stressor (a stimulus that causes stress), real or imagined.
- Stretched-attend Posture Measurement [CMO:0001038] — Any measurement of the movement of an experimental subject or organism during which the hind legs remain stationary while the body is stretched forward with head raised.
- Stroke Index [CMO:0002883] —
- Stroke Volume [CMO:0000223] — Volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat, calculated by subtracting the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of a beat (end-systolic volume) from the volume of blood just prior to the beat (end-diastolic volume).
- Subcutaneous Tumor Diameter Measurement [CMO:0003700] — The distance between two specified opposite points on the periphery of a tumor found immediately below the dermis. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function.
- Subcutaneous Tumor Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0003388] — Any measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population that display subcutaneous tumors at a point in time or develop subcutaneous tumors within a determined period of time are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population, expressed as a percentage or ratio. A subcutaneous tumor is a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive occurring in and composed of cells specific to the hypodermis, lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates.
- Subcutaneous Tumor Measurement [CMO:0003386] — Measurement of one or more tumors of the hypodermis. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function.
- Subcutaneous Tumor Size Measurement [CMO:0003701] — Any measurement of the size of an individual tumor of the hypodermis, or of the amount of the hypodermis occupied by tumor. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function.
- Subjects With Ankylosis to Total Subjects With Arthritis Ratio [CMO:0001491] — A calculated measurement in which the number of subjects with pre-existing arthritis develop ankylosis, the immobility and consolidation of a joint, is divided by the total number of experimental subjects with arthritis and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Submandibular Gland Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003328] —
- Subsequent Liver Tumorous Lesion Volume to Precedent Liver Tumorous Lesion Volume Ratio [CMO:0003758] — A calculated value in which the volume of the liver occupied by tumorous lesions at a second point in time is divided by the volume of the liver occupied by tumorous lesions at previous point in time and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus standardizing the growth of the tumorous lesions.
- Substantia Nigra Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003331] —
- Sucrose Drink Intake Volume [CMO:0002200] — Measurement of the size of the three dimensional space occupied by the amount of a solution of sucrose consumed as a drink in a specified period of time. Sucrose is a nonreducing disaccharide of glucose and fructose used as a food, a sweetener, a preservative and a pharmaceutical aid.
- Sucrose Intake Volume to Total Fluid Intake Volume Ratio [CMO:0002202] — A calculated measurement in which the volume of a sucrose solution consumed is divided by the total volume of all liquids/drinks consumed, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Superficial Glomerulus Count [CMO:0001000] — Count of the number of glomeruli located in the superficial layer of the renal cortex, the cortex corticis. Glomeruli are the tufts of capillaries each situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney that filter waste products from the blood and thus initiate urine formation.
- Superovulation/artificial Insemination Measurement [CMO:0002524] — Any measurement having to do with the artificial stimulation of ovulation, that is, the planned production of a greater than normal number of ova in an individual female during a single ovulation period, and/or the introduction of sperm into the female reproductive tract through means other than normal sexual intercourse.
- Supine Abdominal Height [CMO:0000297] — Measured distance between back and upper abdomen of an individual, midway between the top of the pelvis and bottom of the ribs while individual is in the supine position.
- Survival Measurement [CMO:0001021] — This is any quantitative measurement of survival of an individual or a study population.
- Sympathetic Nerve Activity Measurement [CMO:0001236] — Any assessment or quantification of the presence and/or amount of recordable electrical energy in a sympathetic nerve, a nerve of the autonomic nervous system that regulates involuntary and automatic reactions, especially to stress. A nerve is any of the cordlike structures that convey impulses between the central nervous system and one or more parts of the body, and that each consist of an outer connective tissue sheath surrounding a bundle of conductive fibers.
- Sympathetic Nervous System Measurement [CMO:0001234] — Any measurement of or directly related to the part of the autonomic nervous system (the part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary action) that is concerned especially with preparing the body to react to situations of stress or emergency. The sympathetic nervous system contains chiefly adrenergic fibers and tends to depress secretion, decrease the tone and contractility of smooth muscle, and increase heart rate. The nervous system is the organ system which, along with the endocrine system, correlates the adjustments and reactions of the organism to its internal and external environment via transmission of information, in the form of electrochemical impulses, throughout the body.
- Systemic Vascular Resistance [CMO:0000220] — Resistance to blood flow by blood vessels throughout the body, the degree to which the blood vessels impede the flow of blood, often calculated as SVR equal to the difference between mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and central venous pressure (CVP) divided by cardiac output (CO) (SVR=MAP − CVP/CO).
- Systolic Blood Pressure [CMO:0000004] — The maximum arterial pressure within the cardiac cycle, i.e. at the point at which the heart is in its maximal state of contraction. This is the time when the blood is forced from the ventricles of the heart into the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
- Systolic Blood Pressure Variability [CMO:0002809] —
Data returned: 378 terms all with first letter "S".
Data updated: Sep 01, 2024