- R Wave Amplitude [CMO:0000270] — The magnitude of the R wave, which is the initial upward deflection of the QRS complex following the Q wave representing early depolarization of the ventricles as illustrated by an electrocardiograph.
- R Wave Duration [CMO:0000271] — The time from start to finish of the R wave, the initial upward deflection of the QRS complex following the Q wave which represents early depolarization of the ventricles as illustrated in and electrocardiograph.
- Range of Heart Rate Variation During Variation of Mean Arterial Blood Pressure [CMO:0003896] — This calculated measurement is the range of change in heart rate (the number of contractions of the cardiac ventricles per unit of time) relative to the change in mean arterial blood pressure (the average force the blood exerts on an artery wall) over time and/or in response to a change in conditions.
- Range of Pressure Generated By Anorectal Contractions [CMO:0003768] — A calculated value in which the lowest measured pressure is subtracted from the highest measured pressure from stabilized anorectal contractions in the same subject.
- Range of RSNA Changes During Variation of MAP [CMO:0003892] — This calculated measurement is the range of change in renal sympathetic nerve activity relative to the change in mean arterial blood pressure over time and/or in response to a change in conditions.
- Rapidly Equilibrated Distribution Volume of Verapamil in Aqueous Humor [CMO:0003176] — This measurement is the apparent volume in aqueous humor occupied by verapamil at a specified time point after injection of verapamil into the carotid artery. It is the ratio of the verapamil concentration in aqueous humor to verapamil concentration in plasma at a given time and roughly equivalent to the extracellular space of the aqueous humor.
- Rapidly Equilibrated Distribution Volume of Verapamil in Brain [CMO:0003174] — This measurement is the apparent volume in brain occupied by verapamil at a specified time point after injection of verapamil into the carotid artery. It is the ratio of the verapamil concentration in brain to verapamil concentration in plasma at a given time and roughly equivalent to the extracellular space of the brain.
- Rapidly Equilibrated Distribution Volume of Verapamil in Retina [CMO:0003175] — This measurement is the apparent volume in retina occupied by verapamil at a specified time point after injection of verapamil into the carotid artery. It is the ratio of the verapamil concentration in retina to verapamil concentration in plasma at a given time and roughly equivalent to the extracellular space of the retina.
- Rate Constant of Red Blood Cell Na+/K+ ATPase Activity [CMO:0003853] — A measurement which has been derived by computation of the red blood cell Na+/K+ ATPase activity, the level of ouabain-sensitivity activity of the erythrocyte sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, a reaction that accomplishes the transport of three Na+ to the outside of the cell and the transport of two K+ ions to the inside.
- Rate Constant of Red Blood Cell Na-K-Cl Cotransport Activity [CMO:0003855] — A measurement which has been derived by computation of the red blood cell Na-K-Cl cotransport activity, the level of ouabain-resistant, bumetanide-sensitive, simporter activity in the erythrocyte cell membrane.
- Rate Constant of Red Blood Cell Sodium/potassium Passive Permeability [CMO:0003863] — A measurement which has been derived by computation of the net effect of blocking both the Na/K pump and Na-K-Cl cotransporters in red blood cells. It is essentially a measurement of the level of ouabain-resistant, bumetanide-sensitive ion flux in the erythrocyte cell membrane.
- Rate-pressure Product [CMO:0002994] — Rate-pressure product is defined as the product of the heart rate (the number of contractions of the cardiac ventricles per unit of time) (beats per minute) and mean arterial blood pressure (the average force the blood exerts on an artery wall) (mm Hg).
- Ratio of Apoptotic Bodies to Intact Tumor Cells in Nonremodelling Liver Tumorous Lesions [CMO:0002173] — A calculated measurement in which the number of apoptotic bodies found in a specified sample of nonremodelling liver tumorous lesions is divided by the number of viable neoplastic hepatocytes in the same sample, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Nonremodeling tumorous lesions are lesions which are or have the potential to become tumors (neoplasms or new growths of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive) without any indication of a remodeling phenotype, that is, without a decrease in biochemical marker expression or growth rate, and without signs of regression. An apoptotic body is a small sealed membrane vesicle that is produced from cells undergoing cell death by apoptosis.
- Ratio of Apoptotic Bodies to Intact Tumor Cells in Remodelling Liver Tumorous Lesions [CMO:0002172] — A calculated measurement in which the number of apoptotic bodies found in a specified sample of remodelling liver tumorous lesions is divided by the number of viable neoplastic hepatocytes in the same sample, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Remodeling tumorous lesions are lesions which are or have the potential to become tumors (neoplasms or new growths of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive) but which display a remodeling phenotype, that is, a progressive decrease in biochemical marker expression and growth rate, and finally complete regression. An apoptotic body is a small sealed membrane vesicle that is produced from cells undergoing cell death by apoptosis.
- Ratio of Area of Glomerular Capillary Peripheral Tuft Not Covered By Podocytes to Total Area of Glomerular Capillary Peripheral Tuft [CMO:0003643] — A calculated measurement in which the average area of glomerular capillary peripheral tuft not covered by podocytes is divided by the total area of glomerular capillary peripheral tuft. It is a measure of how much capillary area is directly exposed to the urinary space of Bowman's capsule.
- Ratio of Change in Renal Blood Flow Rate to Kidney Weight [CMO:0001897] — A calculated measurement in which the difference in the volume of blood delivered to and/or exiting from the kidneys per unit time between two points in time or two conditions is divided by the weight (heaviness or degree to which a body is drawn toward the earth by gravity) of one or both kidneys, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The kidney is the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.
- Ratio of Change in Renal Blood Flow to Change in Renal Perfusion Pressure [CMO:0001239] — A value calculated by dividing the proportionate change in renal blood flow (RBF) by the proportionate change in renal perfusion pressure (RPP), i.e. (RBF2 - RBF1)/RBF1 divided by (RPP2 - RPP1)/RPP1.
- Ratio of Change in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity [CMO:0002404] — This is a calculated measurement of the relative difference in the activity of the renal sympathetic nerve between a treated state and a control state or between two points in time, expressed as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Ratio of change is calculated as the difference between the two values divided by the baseline, starting or reference value.
- Ratio of Deaths Related to Chronic Hypertension to Total Study Population During A Period of Time [CMO:0003800] — A measure of the total number of deaths related to chronic hypertension occurring during a specified period of time within a study population divided by the total number of individuals in the study population and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Ratio of Deaths Related to DMBA Toxicity to Total Study Population During A Period of Time [CMO:0003809] — A measure of the total number of deaths related to 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) toxicity occurring during a specified period of time within a study population divided by the total number of individuals in the study population and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Ratio of Deaths Related to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis to Total Study Population During A Period of Time [CMO:0003802] — A measure of the total number of deaths related to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis occurring during a specified period of time within a study population divided by the total number of individuals in the study population and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Ratio of Deaths Related to FUDR Toxicity to Total Study Population During A Period of Time [CMO:0003875] — A measure of the total number of deaths related to 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (FUDR) toxicity occurring during a specified period of time within a study population divided by the total number of individuals in the study population and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Ratio of Deaths Related to Left Ventricular Hypertrophy to Total Study Population During A Period of Time [CMO:0003810] — A measure of the total number of deaths related to left ventricular hypertrophy occurring during a specified period of time within a study population divided by the total number of individuals in the study population and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Ratio of Deaths Related to Mammary Cancer to Total Study Population During A Period of Time [CMO:0003801] — A measure of the total number of deaths related to mammary cancer occurring during a specified period of time within a study population divided by the total number of individuals in the study population and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Ratio of Deaths to Total Study Population During A Period of Time [CMO:0001023] — A measure of the total number of deaths occurring during a specified period of time within a study population divided by the total number of individuals in the study population and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Ratio of Glomerular Area Occupied By Activated Mesangial Cells to Total Glomerular Area [CMO:0002816] —
- Ratio of Insulin-positive Cell Area to Total Area of Duodenal Region of Pancreas [CMO:0001813] — A calculated measurement in which the value representing the two-dimensional extent of the part(s) of the head region of the pancreas (that is, the portion of the pancreas which lies closest to the duodenum, the first segment of the small intestine) in which insulin, the major, fuel-regulating peptide hormone that promotes storage of glucose and inhibits lipolysis and gluconeogenesis, can be detected is divided by the value representing the entirety of the two-dimensional extent of the head region of the pancreas, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The pancreas is the elongated, racemose gland containing both endocrine and exocrine elements which secretes hormones such as insulin and glucagon internally and digestive enzymes externally.
- Ratio of Insulin-positive Cell Area to Total Area of Splenic Region of Pancreas [CMO:0001814] — A calculated measurement in which the value representing the two-dimensional extent of the part(s) of the tail region of the pancreas (that is, the portion of the pancreas which lies furthest from the major pancreatic duct and closest to the spleen, the highly vascular lymphoid organ which serves to store blood, disintegrate old blood cells, filter foreign substances from the blood, and produce lymphocytes) in which insulin, the major, fuel-regulating peptide hormone that promotes storage of glucose and inhibits lipolysis and gluconeogenesis, can be detected is divided by the value representing the entirety of the two-dimensional extent of the tail region of the pancreas, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The pancreas is the elongated, racemose gland containing both endocrine and exocrine elements which secretes hormones such as insulin and glucagon internally and digestive enzymes externally.
- Ratio of Number of Glomeruli With Microaneurysms to Number of Total Glomeruli [CMO:0002815] —
- Ratio of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen-positive Cells to Total Liver Tumorous Lesion Cells [CMO:0001421] — A calculated value in which the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells is divided by the total number of liver tumorous lesion cells and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Ratio of Renal Plasma Flow to Kidney Weight [CMO:0001915] — A calculated measurement in which the renal plasma flow rate (RPF) is divided by weight (i.e. the heaviness or the degree to which an object is drawn toward the earth by gravity) of one kidney and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The RPF is the amount of plasma that perfuses the renal tubules per unit time, derived by measurement of the clearance rate of a non-metabolizable solute such as para-aminohippurate (PAH) or inulin. Plasma is the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. The kidneys are the paired organs that function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.
- Ratio of Renal Plasma Flow to Kidney Weight (inulin) [CMO:0003685] — A calculated measurement in which the renal plasma flow rate (RPF) is divided by weight (i.e. the heaviness or the degree to which an object is drawn toward the earth by gravity) of one kidney and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The RPF is the amount of plasma that perfuses the renal tubules per unit time, derived by measurement of the clearance rate of the indigestible polysaccharide inulin.
- Ratio of Renal Plasma Flow to Kidney Weight (PAH) [CMO:0003686] — A calculated measurement in which the renal plasma flow rate (RPF) is divided by weight (i.e. the heaviness or the degree to which an object is drawn toward the earth by gravity) of one kidney and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The RPF is the amount of plasma that perfuses the renal tubules per unit time, derived by measurement of the clearance rate of the non-metabolizable solute para-aminohippurate (PAH).
- Ratio of Survivors of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors to Total Study Population During A Period of Time [CMO:0003873] — This is a measure of the total number of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor subjects within a study population which remain alive during a specified period of time divided by the total number of individuals in the study population, presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Ratio of Survivors of Meconium Ileus to Total Study Population During A Period of Time [CMO:0003879] — This is a measure of the total number of subjects within a study population which remain alive despite a propensity to suffer from meconium ileus during a specified period of time divided by the total number of individuals in the study population, presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Ratio of Survivors of Metabolic Syndrome to Total Study Population During A Period of Time [CMO:0003803] — This is a measure of the total number of metabolic syndrome subjects within a study population which remain alive during a specified period of time divided by the total number of individuals in the study population, presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Ratio of Survivors of Severe Albuminuria to Total Study Population During A Period of Time [CMO:0003630] — The total number of experimental albuminuria subjects within a study population which remain alive during a specified period of time divided by the total number of individuals in the study population, presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Albuminuria is the increased presence of albumin in the urine, indicative of kidney disease.
- Ratio of Survivors to Total Study Population During A Period of Time [CMO:0002737] — The total number of experimental subjects within a study population which remain alive during a specified period of time divided by the total number of individuals in the study population, presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. ratio of survivors of metabolic syndrome to total study population during a period of time
- Ratio of the Area Occupied By Cysts to the Total Area of the Kidney [CMO:0002980] —
- Ratio of the Area Occupied By Interstitial Collagen to the Total Area of the Heart Left Ventricle [CMO:0003244] —
- Ratio of the Area Occupied By Protein Casts to the Total Area of the Kidney Outer Medulla Outer Stripe and Cortex [CMO:0002379] — A calculated measurement in which the area occupied by renal protein casts is divided by the total, combined area of the outer stripe of the kidney outer medulla and the kidney cortex, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Renal protein casts are gelled proteins precipitated in the renal tubules and molded to the tubular lumen. The medulla outer stripe is the section of the renal medula adjacent to the renal cortex and contains portions of the nephron, including the straight proximal tubules, and portions of the loops of henle and outer medullary collecting ducts.
- Ratio of the Count of Inflammatory Cell-infiltrated Pancreatic Islets With B Cell Pathology to the Total Pancreatic Islet Count [CMO:0002298] — A calculated measurement in which the number of pancreatic islets that have been infiltrated with inflammatory cells and also display abnormalities of and/or damage to the beta cells is divided by the total number of pancreatic islets, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Ratio of the Count of Inflammatory Cell-infiltrated Pancreatic Islets Without B Cell Pathology to the Total Pancreatic Islet Count [CMO:0002299] — A calculated measurement in which the number of pancreatic islets that have been infiltrated with inflammatory cells but do not display abnormalities of the beta cells is divided by the total number of pancreatic islets, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Ratio of the Count of Pancreatic Islets With Adjacent Inflammatory Infiltrate to Total Pancreatic Islet Count [CMO:0002301] — A calculated measurement in which the number of pancreatic islets that display infiltration of inflammatory cells in the surrounding ducts and blood vessels and immediately surrounding the islets but without immune cells within the islets, is divided by the total number of pancreatic islets, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Ratio of the Count of Pancreatic Islets With Peripheral Duct and Vessel Inflammatory Infiltrate Only to Total Pancreatic Islet Count [CMO:0002300] — A calculated measurement in which the number of pancreatic islets that display infiltration of inflammatory cells only into the surrounding ducts and blood vessels, without immune cells inside or immediately adjacent to the islets, is divided by the total number of pancreatic islets, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Ratio of the Number of Lymphocytes in An Inflammatory Exudate to the Number of All Cells in That Exudate [CMO:0002666] — A calculated measurement in which the number of lymphocytes in a specified sample of exudate is divided by the total number of cells in that sample of exudate and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. A lymphocyte is a mononuclear, nonphagocytic, nongranular leukocyte having a deeply staining nucleus containing dense chromatin and a pale-blue-staining cytoplasm.
- Ratio of the Number of Neutrophils in An Inflammatory Exudate to Number of All Cells in That Exudate [CMO:0002663] — A calculated measurement in which the number of neutrophils in a specified sample of exudate is divided by the total number of cells in that sample of exudate and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. A neutrophil is a granular leukocyte having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing very fine granules.
- Rearing Measurement [CMO:0001515] — Any measurement of a movement in which a quadrupedal subject rises up on its back legs.
- Receptor-dependent Blood Vessel Maximum Contractile Force [CMO:0001654] — Measurement of the highest achievable amount of energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from a contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel which is instigated by the activation of a receptor, a molecule on the surface or within a cell that recognizes and binds with specific molecules, producing a specific effect.
- Receptor-dependent Blood Vessel Maximum Contractile Force to Receptor-independent Blood Vessel Maximum Contractile Force Ratio [CMO:0001656] — A calculated measurement in which the receptor-dependent maximum contractile force of a blood vessel is divided by the receptor-independent maximum contractile force of a blood vessel and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The maximum contractile force of a blood vessel is the highest achievable amount of energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from a contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel. Receptor-dependent refers to such a contraction which is instigated by the activation of a receptor, a molecule on the surface or within a cell that recognizes and binds with specific molecules, producing a specific effect. Receptor-independent denotes such a contraction that does not involve the action of a receptor.
- Receptor-independent Blood Vessel Maximum Contractile Force [CMO:0001653] — Measurement of the highest achievable amount of energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from a contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel which does not involve the action of a receptor, a molecule on the surface or within a cell that recognizes and binds with specific molecules, producing a specific effect.
- Rectum Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003264] —
- Red Blood Cell ATP Level [CMO:0003772] — The intracellular concentration of adenosine-5'- triphosphate measured in a specific sample of red blood cells.
- Red Blood Cell Count [CMO:0000025] — The number of red blood cells in a specified volume of blood most commonly 1 cubic millimeter (i.e. 1 microliter) of peripheral venous blood.
- Red Blood Cell Distribution Width- Standard Deviation [CMO:0003232] — Red blood cell distribution width- standard deviation (RDW-SD) is a measurement derived from the red blood cell distribution curves generated on automated hematology analyzers and is an indicator of variation in RBC size within a blood sample. The RDW is used along with the indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) to describe a population of RBCs. The RDW measures the deviation of the RBC width, not the actual width or size of individual cells. The RDW-SD is an actual measurement of the width of the red cell distribution curve in femtoliters (fL). The width of the distribution curve is measured at the point that is 20% above the baseline. Since the RDW-SD is an actual measurement, it is not influenced by the MCV and more accurately reflects the red cell size variance.
- Red Blood Cell Distribution Width-coefficient of Variation [CMO:0000041] — The red cell distribution width (RDW) is a measurement derived from the red blood cell distribution curves generated on automated hematology analyzers and is an indicator of variation in RBC size within a blood sample. The RDW is used along with the indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) to describe a population of RBCs. The RDW measures the deviation of the RBC width, not the actual width or size of individual cells. The RDW-CV is a calculation based on both the width of the distribution curve and the mean cell size. It is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of the mean cell size by the MCV of the red cells and multiplying by 100 to convert to a percentage.
- Red Blood Cell Measurement [CMO:0001356] — Any measurement of a single red blood cell, one of the hemoglobin-containing blood cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues, or of all of the red blood cells in a sample of blood.
- Red Blood Cell Molecular Composition Measurement [CMO:0003614] — Any quantitation of the molecules, atoms and/or ions which constitute the chemical make-up of a red blood cell (erythrocyte) or of all of the red blood cells in a sample of blood. Red blood cells are the hemoglobin-containing blood cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues.
- Red Blood Cell Morphological Measurement [CMO:0003102] — Any measurement of the physical form or structure of a red blood cell or of all of the red blood cells in a sample of blood. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are the hemoglobin-containing blood cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues,
- Red Blood Cell Na+/K+ ATPase Activity [CMO:0001357] — Measurement of the level of activity of the erythrocyte sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes the active, ATP-dependent transport of sodium and potassium ions across cell membranes, in a specified volume of red blood cells.
- Red Blood Cell Na-K-Cl Cotransport Activity [CMO:0003773] — Measurement of the level of activity of the erythrocyte membrane transport protein that transports sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) ions across the cell membrane into erythrocytes. For every sodium and potassium ion transported, this symporter transports two chloride ions, thus maintaining electroneutrality.
- Red Blood Cell Physiological Measurement [CMO:0003103] —
- Red Blood Cell Potassium Level [CMO:0003771] — The intracellular concentration of potassium ions measured in a specific sample of red blood cells
- Red Blood Cell Sodium Level [CMO:0003770] — The intracellular concentration of sodium ions measured in a specific sample of red blood cells.
- Red Blood Cell Sodium/potassium Passive Permeability [CMO:0003774] — This is a measurement of sodium and/or potassium ion efflux from erythrocytes in the presence of a sodium-potassium pump inhibitor (ouabain) and a sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter inhibitor (furosemide or bumetamide).
- Regional Glomerular Filtration Rate Index [CMO:0003632] — The concentration of a contrast agent in the cortex (predominantly blood signal) from limited areas of one kidney is compared to the concentration in limited areas of the medulla (predominantly urine) of the same kidney to obtain the first order rate constant, k(cl). The clearance of the contrast agent can serve as a marker for the glomerular filtration rate.
- Relapsing-remitting Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0001401] — Any measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population that display relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (R-EAE) at a point in time or develop R-EAE within a determined period of time are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio. Relapsing-remitting EAE is an animal model of brain inflammation in which inflammation is induced through immunization of the animal with central nervous system antigens or by the passive transfer of autoreactive T cells where such induction results in a disease characterized by repeated symptomatic attacks followed by complete or almost complete improvement.
- Renal Afferent Arteriole Diameter [CMO:0003725] — The length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a renal afferent arteriole, passing through its center and ending on either side at the outer surface of the arteriole wall. A renal afferent arteriole is one of the blood vessels that branch from the kidney interlobular artery and conveys blood to the glomerular capillaries.
- Renal Agenesis Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0000936] — A measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population that display renal agenesis, the failure to develop one or both kidneys, at a point in time or the number of new cases of renal agenesis which appear within a determined period of time are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio.
- Renal Arterial Blood Flow Rate [CMO:0000908] — Arterial renal blood flow (RBFa) is the volume of blood delivered to the kidneys per unit time via the renal arteries.
- Renal Blood Flow Rate [CMO:0000907] — Renal blood flow (RBF) is the volume of blood delivered to or exiting from the kidneys per unit time.
- Renal Blood Flow Rate to Kidney Weight Ratio [CMO:0001955] — A calculated measurement in which the value for the volume of blood delivered to and/or exiting from the kidneys per unit time is divided by the weight (heaviness or degree to which an object is drawn toward the earth by gravity) of one or both kidneys, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Renal Cortex Cross-sectional Area [CMO:0003812] — A measurement of the outer extent of a plane perpendicular through the hilum, the opening on the medial margin of the kidney leading into the renal sinus. Its value may be calculated from or measured via a microscopic image.
- Renal Cortex Measurement [CMO:0001178] — Any measurement, morphological or physiological of the outer part of the kidney, composed mainly of glomeruli and convoluted tubules.
- Renal Cortex Morphological Measurement [CMO:0003811] — Measurement of the physical form or structure of the renal cortex, the outer part of the kidney, composed mainly of glomeruli and convoluted tubules.
- Renal Cortex Protein Measurement [CMO:0001181] — Any measurement involving the amount, composition or type of protein, the complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in renal cortex, the outer part of the kidney, composed mainly of glomeruli and convoluted tubules.
- Renal Cortex Thickness [CMO:0003670] — A linear measurement of the outer part of the kidney made from the outer edge of the renal medulla to the capsule of the kidney. The cortex is composed mainly of glomeruli and convoluted tubules.
- Renal Cortex TRPV4 Protein Level to Beta-actin Protein Level Ratio [CMO:0001186] — A calculated value in which the amount of TRPV4 protein in a specified sample of renal cortex is divided by the amount of beta-actin protein in the same or a corresponding sample of renal cortex and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to the beta-actin protein level.
- Renal Cortex Volume [CMO:0003027] —
- Renal Fat Pad Morphological Measurement [CMO:0002192] — Any measurement of the physical form or structure of the encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the kidney.
- Renal Fat Pad Volume [CMO:0002193] — Measurement of the size of the three dimensional space occupied by the encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the kidney.
- Renal Fat Pad Weight [CMO:0002194] — Measurement of the heaviness of the encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the kidney, that is, the degree to which it is drawn toward the earth by gravity.
- Renal Fibrosis Foci Count [CMO:0003446] — The total number of microscopic instances of fibrosis observed in a diseased kidney. Renal fibrosis is the consequence of excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix and represents a failed wound-healing process of the kidney tissue.
- Renal Filtration Fraction [CMO:0002943] —
- Renal Medulla Measurement [CMO:0001179] — Any measurement, morphological or physiological, of the renal medulla, the innermost part of the kidney which contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood.
- Renal Medulla Protein Measurement [CMO:0001180] — Any measurement involving the amount, composition or type of protein, the complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in kidney medulla, the innermost part of the kidney which contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood.
- Renal Medulla TRPV4 Protein Level to Beta-actin Protein Level Ratio [CMO:0001187] — A calculated value in which the amount of TRPV4 protein in a specified sample of renal medulla is divided by the amount of beta-actin protein in the same or a corresponding sample of renal medulla and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to the beta-actin protein level.
- Renal Medulla Volume [CMO:0003028] —
- Renal Medullary Blood Flow Rate [CMO:0002903] — Renal medullary blood flow (MBF) is the volume of blood delivered to or exiting from the renal medulla per unit time.
- Renal Pelvis Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003296] —
- Renal Perfusion Index [CMO:0003629] — An index which describes the uptake of contrast agent by the renal cortex. It is the time at which contrast concentration reaches its maximum.
- Renal Plasma Flow [CMO:0001914] — The amount of plasma that perfuses the kidneys per unit time. Plasma is the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. The kidneys are the paired organs that function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.
- Renal Plasma Flow (inulin) [CMO:0003683] — A measurement of the amount of plasma that perfuses the renal tubules per unit time, derived by measurement of the clearance rate of the indigestible polysaccharide inulin.
- Renal Plasma Flow (PAH) [CMO:0003684] — A measurement of the amount of plasma that perfuses the renal tubules per unit time, derived by measurement of the clearance rate of the non-metabolizable solute para-aminohippurate (PAH).
- Renal Plasma Flow to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0002782] — A measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the amount of plasma that perfuses the kidneys per unit time per amount of body weight.
- Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity Measurement [CMO:0001237] — Assessment or quantification of the presence and/or amount of recordable electrical energy in a renal sympathetic nerve, a nerve of the autonomic nervous system that regulates involuntary and automatic reactions, especially to stress, associated with and controlling activity of the kidneys. A nerve is any of the cordlike structures that convey impulses between the central nervous system and one or more parts of the body, and that each consist of an outer connective tissue sheath surrounding a bundle of conductive fibers.
- Renal Tubulointerstitial Score [CMO:0002948] — A semiquantitative evaluation of the renal interstitium using a grading system with a score of 0 to 4+, which assesses the tubules and the interstitium for the presence of (1) tubular atrophy, (2) tubular dilatation, (3) interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrates, and (4) interstitial fibrosis. A score of 0 indicates no lesion (normal kidney), 1+ indicates a single, small focal lesion with very minimal tubular alterations and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, and 2+ to 4+ indicated increasing severity of tubular lesions, interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, and/or fibrosis. A score of 4+ indicates involvement of approximately 50% or more of the renal parenchyma or interstitium.
- Renal Uptake of Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent [CMO:0003439] — Measurement of the amount of a gadolinium-based contrast agent or metabolic kinetics in a specified sample of kidney. Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents (GBCA) are intravenous drugs used in diagnostic imaging procedures to enhance the quality of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).
- Renal Uptake of Xenobiotic [CMO:0003438] — Measurement of the amount of any xenobiotic or metabolic kinetics in a specified sample of kidney. A xenobiotic is a chemical compound foreign to a given biologic system, or more specifically, a pharmacologically, endocrinologically, or toxicologically active substance not endogenously produced and therefore foreign to an organism.
- Renal Vascular Resistance [CMO:0001898] — A measurement of the degree to which the blood vessels of the kidneys impede the flow of blood through them. Renal vascular resistance is calculated as the renal blood flow rate divided by the mean arterial pressure.
- Renal Vascular Resistance to Kidney Weight Ratio [CMO:0003218] —
- Renal Venous Blood Flow Rate [CMO:0000909] — Venous renal blood flow (RBFv) is the volume of blood exiting from the kidneys per unit time via the renal veins.
- Renal/urinary Measurement [CMO:0000080] —
- Reproduction Measurement [CMO:0000389] —
- Residual Feed Intake [CMO:0001315] — The actual weight of feed consumed minus the expected feed intake.
- Residual Lung Volume [CMO:0000307] — The amount of gas remaining in the lung at the end of a maximal exhalation.
- Respiration Rate [CMO:0000289] — The number of breaths taken by an organism per unit of time.
- Respiratory System Measurement [CMO:0000094] — A measurement to assess the morphological or physiological state of the respiratory system or portion of the respiratory system.
- Resting Inner Diameter of Middle Cerebral Artery Perfused in Bicarbonate-buffered, Normal Saline [CMO:0003998] — This is an ex vivo measurement of the length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a saline-perfused (80 mmHg equilibrium pressure) middle cerebral artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall. The middle cerebral arteries are the largest of the cerebral arteries and supply blood to the lateral cerebral cortex, anterior temporal lobes and insular cortices of the brain.
- Resting Metabolic Rate [CMO:0003957] — This is a calculated value which is a measure of the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. It represents the minimum amount of energy required to sustain life during a time period of steady resting conditions, with less rigorous criteria than for basal metabolic rate.
- Resting Tone of Middle Cerebral Artery [CMO:0001190] — This is a calculated measurement of the relative difference in the middle cerebral artery inner diameter between a treated, fully relaxed state and a control resting state, expressed as a percentage. This calculated value is given by this equation: [(Dmax - Drest) /Dmax] x 100.
- Reticulocyte Count to Total Red Blood Cell Count Ratio [CMO:0003021] — A calculated measurement in which the number of reticulocyte in a specified sample of blood is divided by the total number of red blood cell in that sample and presented as a ratio, fraction or percentage.
- Retina Cell Count [CMO:0003557] — The total number of cells in a specified sample of retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.
- Retina Horizontal Cell Count [CMO:0003558] — The total number of horizontal cells in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. A horizontal cell is a neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the retina.
- Retina Morphological Measurement [CMO:0003081] —
- Retina Ribonucleic Acid Level [CMO:0003968] — This is any measurement of the absolute or relative amount(s) of one or more of the ribonucleic acids (RNAs) found in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.
- Retina Rod Bipolar Cell Count [CMO:0003562] — The total number of rod bipolar cells in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. A rod bipolar cell is a neuron that is synapsed by rod photoreceptor cells but not by cone photoreceptor cells.
- Retinal Inner Layer Thickness [CMO:0003084] — The inner retinal thickness is defined as straight lines between outer plexiform layer to the vitreous perpendicular to the retinal layer measured. The measurement usually is done by optical coherence tomography (OCT).
- Retinal Inner Nuclear Layer Thickness [CMO:0003668] — The measurement of the thickness of the retinal layer between the inner plexiform layer and the outer plexiform layer that contains closely packed cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells.
- Retinal Outer Layer Thickness [CMO:0003083] — The outer retinal thickness is defined as straight lines between outer plexiform layer to the apical layer of the retinal pigment epithelium perpendicular to the retinal layer measured. The measurement usually is done by optical coherence tomography (OCT).
- Retinal Outer Nuclear Layer Photoreceptor Nucleus Count [CMO:0003085] —
- Retinal Outer Nuclear Layer Photoreceptor Nucleus Count to Layer Length Ratio [CMO:0003442] — A calculated measurement in which the number of photoreceptor nuclei in a specified segment of retinal outer nuclear layer is divided by the length of that segment, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.
- Retinal Outer Nuclear Layer Thickness [CMO:0003086] — The measurement of the thickness of the retinal layer that contains the nuclei and cell bodies of rods and cones.
- Retinal Uptake Index of Digoxin [CMO:0003184] — This is a calculated measurement in which the amount of digoxin in retina 15 seconds after an injection of digoxin into the carotid artery is divided by the injected amount of digoxin and presented as a percentage.
- Retinal Uptake Index of Quinidine [CMO:0003187] — This is a calculated measurement in which the amount of quinidine in the retina 15 seconds after an injection of quinidine into the carotid artery is divided by the injected amount of quinidine and presented as a percentage.
- Retinal Uptake Index of Verapamil [CMO:0003178] — This is a calculated measurement in which the amount of verapamil in retina 15 seconds after an injection of verapamil into the carotid artery is divided by the injected amount of verapamil and presented as a percentage.
- Retinopathy Incidence/prevalence Measurement [CMO:0002454] — Any measurement in which the number of individuals in a study population that display retinopathy at a point in time or develop retinopathy within a determined period of time are compared to the total number of individuals in the study population. Often expressed as a percentage but could be expressed as a ratio. Retinopathy is a noninflammatory degenerative disease of the retina.
- Retroperitoneal Fat Pad Weight [CMO:0000356] — Weight of the encapsulated adipose tissue found posterior to the peritoneum.
- Retroperitoneal Fat Pad Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0000635] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of the retroperitoneal fat pad, the mass of closely packed fat cells surrounded by fibrous tissue located behind the peritoneum, is divided by the total body weight of the organism and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.
- Retroperitoneal Fat Pad Weight to Tibia Length Ratio [CMO:0002990] —
- Rib Number [CMO:0001320] — The number of the elongated, curved bones forming the main portion of the bony wall of the chest.
- Right Adrenal Gland Wet Weight [CMO:0000162] — The weight of an individual right adrenal gland, that is the gland located on the right side of the body when viewed from the organism's perspective, after removal from the body but without desiccation.
- Right Atrium Volume [CMO:0000338] — A measure of the three dimensional capacity of the right atrium of the heart, the upper right chamber which empties into the lower right chamber, i.e. the right ventricle.
- Right Atrium Weight [CMO:0000336] — The weight of the right atrium, the upper right chamber of the heart which empties into the lower right chamber, i.e. the right ventricle. Weight is the heaviness or degree to which a body is drawn to the earth by gravity.
- Right Kidney Wet Weight [CMO:0000082] — The weight of the right kidney, the organ which lies on the right side of the body from the perspective of the subject and functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, after removal from the body but without desiccation.
- Right Kidney Wet Weight to Body Weight Ratio [CMO:0001953] — A calculated measurement in which the weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of only the single right kidney is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percent, thus normalizing it to body weight and by extension to the size of the organism. The right kidney is the organ which lies on the right side of the body from the perspective of the subject.
- Right Lung Weight to Left Lung Weight Ratio [CMO:0000103] — A calculated measurement in which the weight of the right lung (the lung on the side of the body to the south when the organism is facing east) is divided by the weight of the left lung of the same individual and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The lungs are the organ component of the respiratory system responsible for the exchange of gases between the environment and the blood. Weight is the heaviness or degree to which a body (or a part of the body such as an organ) is drawn toward the earth by gravity.
- Right Lung Wet Weight [CMO:0000099] — The weight, after removal from the body but without desiccation, of the single lung located on the right side of the body. The lung is the organ component of the respiratory system responsible for the exchange of gases between the environment and the blood.
- Right Ovary Wet Weight [CMO:0002490] — Weight after removal from the body but without dessication of only the ovary located on the right side of the organism.
- Right Rear Ankle Joint Diameter [CMO:0002150] — The distance between two specified opposite points on the periphery of the ankle joint of the right hindleg of a quadruped, that is, the leg on the right side of the body and farthest from the head.
- Right Renal Cortex Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003289] —
- Right Renal Fat Pad Weight [CMO:0002196] — Measurement of the heaviness of the encapsulated adipose tissue associated specifically with the right kidney, that is, the degree to which it is drawn toward the earth by gravity.
- Right Renal Pelvis Ribonucleic Acid Composition Measurement [CMO:0003291] —
- Right Testis Wet Weight [CMO:0000177] — The weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of the right testicle, one of the paired egg-shaped glands normally situated in the scrotum, in which the spermatozoa develop. The right testicle is the one of the pair located closer to the right side of the body from the perspective of the subject.
- Right Uterine Horn Length [CMO:0000409] —
- Right Uterine Horn Weight [CMO:0000412] —
- Right Ventricular Diastolic Blood Pressure [CMO:0003283] — The minimum pressure in the heart right ventricle, usually at the point at which the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion and the ventricles fill with blood.
- Right Ventricular End-diastolic Blood Pressure [CMO:0003284] — The pressure in the heart right ventricle at the end of diastole, the period when the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion and the ventricles fill with blood.
- Right Ventricular End-systolic Blood Pressure [CMO:0003281] — Measurement of the pressure within the heart right ventricle at the end of systole, the period of contraction of the heart when the blood is forced from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery (right ventricle) and the aorta (left ventricle).
- Right Ventricular Isovolumetric Relaxation Time [CMO:0002551] — The length of time in the cardiac cycle between the end of right ventricular relaxation and the start of right ventricular filling.
- Right Ventricular Systolic Blood Pressure [CMO:0003282] — Measurement of the pressure within the heart right ventricle at the point of maximal contraction, when the blood is forced from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
- Righting Reflex Measurement [CMO:0002287] — Any measurement of the complex postural reaction by which an organism can assume an optimal position when there has been a departure from it, for example, the ability of an animal to turn its body in space so that its paws or feet are pointed at the ground during a fall or to return to sternal recumbency after being placed on its back or side.
- RR Interval [CMO:0000232] — Interval between an R wave and the next R wave of successive heart beats, inverse of the heart rate.
Data returned: 153 terms all with first letter "R".
Data updated: Sep 01, 2024